TITLE: Council 1999 climate and flux data AUTHORS: Dr. Jason Beringer # Dr. F.S. Chapin III @ Catherine Copass @ # School of Geography and Environmental Science PO Box 11A Monash University Clayton, Victoria, 3800 AUSTRALIA Ph: +61 3 9905 9352 Fax: +61 3 9905 2948 Email: Jason.beringer@arts.monash.edu.au @ Institute of Arctic Biology 311 Irving I Bldg University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks, AK, 99775-7000 USA DATA SET OVERVIEW: There were three flux and climate towers operating at Council, Seward Peninsula, during 1999. Two towers were located at the tundra and forest sites. The third tower was a mobile tower and covered four different surface types (Lowshrub, shrub, woodland, and burned tundra). The data have been divided by surface type and also whether it was flux or climate data. The following convention is used for site names and descriptions are given below: SPRUCE FOREST C1 TUNDRA C2 SHRUB C3 WOODLAND C4 LOWSHRUB C6 BURNED TUNDRA C8 C1 - SPRUCE FOREST Location: N 64o 54.456' W 163o 40.469' Elevation: 275 feet Slope: 3.3% (3o) Aspect: 140 o TN Grid orientation (A1-A11): 058o TN Data dates: 06/18-08/23 Average LAI: 2.7 Average vegetation height: 6.1m Sonic Anemmeter:120 oTN Sonic Height: 11.20 m Instrumentation: ITEM Distance or Height (cm) Bearing oTN Gill Sonic Anemometer 11.2 m 120 SHFP1 4.75 270 SHFP2 3.68 185 SHFP3 3.30 358 SHFP4 5.33 156 WS1 20 WS2 12.9 142 WS3 7.5 142 WS4 0.65 142 RH&T1 12.8 m 322 RH&T2 9.5 m 322 RH&T3 7.5m 322 RH&T4 50 cm 322 RN1 20 235 RN2 20 055 Shortwave radiation 20 295 Longwave radiation 20 165 PAR and PYR 20 142&322 Rain gauge 20 Licor Serial number IRGA number is 1049 Gill sonic serial number model 1199HSH and s/n 000043 Amplifier board number #4 Tube intake lengths C4 - WOODLAND Location: N 64o 53.997' W 163o 39.863' Slope: 5.6 % (5o) Aspect: 140 o TN Data dates:06/20-07/13 Mean vegetation height: 170 cm Instrumentation: ITEM Distance or Height (cm) Bearing oTN Gill Sonic Anemometer 650 240 SHFP1 410 280 SHFP2 375 020 SHFP3 370 150 SHFP4 355 040 WS1 850 240 WS2 385 240 WS3 N/A N/A WS4 N/A N/A RH&T1 640 156 RH&T2 385 156 RH&T3 N/A N/A RH&T4 N/A N/A RN1 810 184 RN2 N/A N/A Shortwave radiation 820 060 Longwave radiation N/A N/A PAR and PYR 900 240 & 060 Rain gauge 950 N/A Licor Serial number 5 June to 24th June original IRGA # 271 Then 24th June to Sunday 4th July Chamber IRGA #365 Then 4th July to Loaner IRG3#368 Gill sonic serial number Amplifier board number Amp Board #6 Tube intake lengths 110cm from IRGA to intake tubing, 120cm intake tube length, 1000cm (10m) of intake tubing (Total of 12.3m). C6 - LOWSHRUB Location: N 64o 53.47' W 163o 38.61' Elevation: 140 m Slope: ~9o Aspect: 236o TN Data dates:07/14-07/28 Instrumentation: ITEM Distance or Height (cm) Bearing oTN Gill Sonic Anemometer 200 cm 265 SHFP1 430 118 SHFP2 550 198 SHFP3 560 218 SHFP4 570 350 WS1 475 265 WS2 855 265 WS3 WS4 RH&T1 475 300 RH&T2 855 300 RH&T3 RH&T4 RN1 800 208 RN2 Shortwave radiation 800 082 Longwave radiation PAR and PYR Rain gauge Licor Serial number Gill sonic serial number Amplifier board number Tube intake lengths C2 - TUNDRA SITE Location: N 64o50.499' W163o41.591' Elevation: 160 feet Slope: flat Aspect: flat Grid orientation: 058o TN Data dates: 6/18-08/23 Instrumentation: ITEM Distance or Height (cm) Bearing oTN Gill Sonic Anemometer 206cm (6/15 - 360oM and 210 height) (6/23 078oTN - 206cm) SHFP1 525 265 SHFP2 630 012 SHFP3 245 197 SHFP4 625 105 WS1 1000 018 WS2 760 018 WS3 425 WS4 Na RH&T1 690 RH&T2 200 RH&T3 30 RH&T4 30 RN1 740 198 RN2 Na Shortwave radiation 750 258 Longwave radiation 750 317 PAR and PYR 900 Rain gauge 950 Licor Serial number IRGA-1048 Gill sonic serial number 00028 Amplifier board number #3 Tube intake lengths Tube intake distance from sonic 16 Chamber1 (collar 13) 350 072 Chamber2 (collar 14) 220 114 Chamber3 (collar 15) 290 125 Chamber4 (collar 16) 350 129 Chamber5 (collar 17) 325 148 Hotwire1 190 175 Hotwire2 210 140 C8 - BURN SITE Location: N 65o12.147' W 164o18.477 (fire scar length 3.15 km and 1.3 km wide) Elevation: 450 feet Slope: 6% (5o) Aspect: 315 oT Data dates: 07/28/99-08/03/99 Mean Vegetation height: None Mean microtopographical relief is 12cm ITEM Distance or Height (cm) Bearing oTN Gill Sonic Anemometer 200 246 oM SHFP1 Not measured Not measured SHFP2 Not measured Not measured SHFP3 Not measured Not measured SHFP4 Not measured Not measured WS1 510 246 oM WS2 340 246 oM WS3 N/A N/A WS4 N/A N/A RH&T1 510 cm N/A RH&T2 190 cm N/A RH&T3 N/A N/A RH&T4 N/A N/A RN1 540 066 oM RN2 540 190 oM Shortwave radiation Longwave radiation N/A N/A PAR and PYR Rain gauge Licor Serial number Gill sonic serial number Amplifier board number Tube intake lengths C3 - SHRUB SITE Location:N 64o56.141 W 164o44.142 Elevation: 450 feet Slope:6.6 % (6.0 o) Aspect: 160o TN Grid orientation: 074o TN Data dates: 08/05-08/23 Instrumentation: ITEM Distance or Height (cm) Bearing oTN Gill Sonic Anemometer 370 128 SHFP1 330 236 SHFP2 410 330 SHFP3 450 050 SHFP4 385 154 WS1 820 128 WS2 520 128 WS3 N/A N/A WS4 N/A N/A RH&T1 820 N/A RH&T2 520 N/A RH&T3 N/A N/A RH&T4 N/A N/A RN1 810 072 RN2 N/A N/A Shortwave radiation 810 308 Longwave radiation N/A N/A PAR and PYR 820 90/270 Rain gauge 1000 N/A DATA COLLECTION AND PROCESSING: Data were collected at Council (N64o50.499' W163o41.591') on the Seward Peninsula, located approximately 70 miles to the northeast of Nome (Figure 1). The Peninsula itself encompasses a diversity of landscape and ecosystem types created by the various climatic and topographical settings. The climate of the Peninsula is annually slightly wetter and warmer than the north slope of Alaska [Fleming et al. 2000]. In the summer, climate is somewhat continental with relatively cool and windy conditions along the coast with the inland climate being relatively hotter and drier. The Council area provides an excellent field site to investigate a variety of high-latitude ecosystem types that may be important in future climate change in close proximity. It also allowed us to examine what may happen under a changing vegetation regime brought about by future warmer and wetter conditions. Five different vegetation types were selected for study along a gradient from tundra through to mature white spruce (Picea glauca) forest (Figure 2). The five sites were termed tundra, low shrub, shrub, woodland (treeline) and forest. These sites were located within a 5 km radius of Council. This region of tundra and forest is representative of the contrast in vegetation that may be observed across northern treeline [Lafleur et al. 1992]. Grid wide measurements of canopy cover showed that shrub cover increased in these sites from tundra to woodland, but decreased quickly with the formation of a dense spruce overstory. The main functional groups and their percent cover at the tundra site were 62 % low deciduous shrubs (mainly Vaccinium uliginosum);24 % evergreen shrubs and 18 % lichens. The low shrub site had a cover of 69 % low shrubs; 32 % evergreen shrubs and 14 % graminoid species. The shrub site had 78 % cover of tall shrubs and 14 % cover of low deciduous shrubs. The woodland site featured a spruce density of less than 100 trees per ha and the average spruce height was 7.3 m. Shrub cover in this site was 89 % of the understory. The forest had a spruce density of approximately 1100 trees per ha and the average height was lower than in the woodland site at 6.1 m. The forest understory consisted of 39% tall shrubs; 19% low deciduous shrubs and 24% evergreen shrubs. Leaf area index (LAI) was measured in these sites at peak season biomass using optical techniques (Licor Inc., model LAI-2000). LAI across the sites varied from 0.52 at the tundra and increased gradually to 2.76 at the forest (Table 1). Surface energy exchanges Three towers were deployed to obtain microclimatic and eddy-covariance measurements in order to characterize the radiation, energy and trace gas exchanges above the different vegetation types. Simultaneous measurements of radiation, energy and trace gas exchanges were made at both the tundra and forest sites over the entire growing season using the eddy covariance technique [Eugster et al. 1997]. The tundra tower was used as a reference tower to compare with the various mobile sites because it had the most complete data set. The third mobile tower was deployed to collect measurements consecutively at the woodland, low shrub and shrub sites but during the same period as the tundra site. Comparisons are made between the reference and mobile towers in a method developed by Eugster et al. [1997]. We used 10 m towers at all sites except the forest site where the tower was 20 m. Radiation measurements were made as close as practical to the top of the towers to minimize the potential of shading from above and to maximize the surface area within the effective sensor footprint [Schmid 1997]. Eddy-covariance measurements were made at varying heights above the vegetation (Table 1). Three dimensional wind velocities were measured using a 3-D ultrasonic anemometer (Gill Solent, model HS) and were co-ordinate rotated [McMillen 1988]. Turbulent fluctuations of CO2 and H2O were measured using a closed path infrared gas analyser (Licor, model LI-6262). The CO2 and H2O time series were lagged against the sonic temperature series so that they were in phase with each other. Scalar quantities were linearly detrended and bell tapered [Stull 1988]. A 3 mm internal diameter "Bev-A-Line" intake tube was used for the gas analyzer with an aspiration rate of approximately 7 L.min-1 that ensured turbulent flow in the sample line [Philip 1963]. In addition, 1.5 m of insulated copper tubing was placed inline to minimize temperature-induced density fluctuations [Leuning and Judd 1996]. The observations were logged at 10 Hz to a nearby laptop PC. The w'T' cospectra for each site followed the idealized cospectra [Kaimal et al. 1972] and the w'CO2' and w'H2O' were spectrally corrected following [Eugster and Senn 1995]. Spectral correction factors for water vapour were less than 1.4 during daylight hours. The energy balance closure ((Q/Rn) was generally less than 15% as a fraction of net radiation during the daylight hours (Table 1) indicating satisfactory measurement techniques and confidence in the measured fluxes [Eugster et al. 1997]. Climate sensors were measured every 30-seconds and 10-minute averages were recorded on a data-logger (Campbell Scientific Inc., model CR10X). The mean daily temperature, wind speed, vapour pressure deficit, soil moisture and soil bulk density for each site are given in table 1. Incoming and reflected shortwave as well as incoming and emitted long-wave radiation were measured using a pair of pyranometers (Eppley Labs Inc., model PSP) and pyrgeometers (Eppley Labs Inc., model PIR) respectively. An independent estimate of net radiation above each surface was made using a Frischen type net radiometer (REBS, model Q*7.1) with a wind-speed-dependant dome cooling correction applied to the results [Radiation and Energy Balance Systems 1995]. Profiles of air temperature and water vapor content above and below the level of the sonic anemometer were measured using temperature/relative humidity probes (Vaisala, model HMP45C). Wind speed at the radiometer height was measured using a cup anemometer (R.M. Young, model 03101). Ground heat flux was estimated via the combination method [Fuchs and Tanner 1968] using heat flux plates (REBS, model HFT3) and soil temperature measurements (REBS, model PRT) at four representative locations. Ground heat fluxes for each tower site were estimated using the area-weighted average of ground heat fluxes measured in each of the representative microsite types sampled (e.g., lichen-dominated vs. moss-dominated microsites) [McFadden et al. 1998]. Observations of energy and moisture exchange were made in conjunction with vegetation biomass and structure, soil thermal characteristics, permafrost characteristics (Romanovsky, this issue) and parameters important in catchment-scale hydrological processes (Hinzman, this issue). Measurements were taken over the 1999 summer growing season between 18/6 and 22/8. The time system used here is local Alaskan Daylight Time (ADT), which is (UTC -8 Hours). Throughout this paper the term daily refers to the 24-hour period from midnight to midnight and daytime refers to the period when net radiation is positive (10:00-18:00). Solar noon at Council was around 15:00. DATA FORMAT: Data are divided into two categories (either climate or flux). There are 6 sites Cx. Hence there are 8 filenames: C1_flux C1_climate C2_flux C2_climate C3_flux C3_climate C4_flux C4_climate C6_flux C6_climate C8_flux C8_climate These files are saved in two formats *.xls being an Excel4 worksheet and *.txt being a comma delineated text file. The files contain one or more of the following parameters and the parameter names are given at the top of each column. The following table gives the parameter definitions. Note that in each flux file there is a VALIDY column which is a flag to indicate good quality data. Data with a 8 is identified as good data. c1_climate JOSS_TIM -9999 15.3 FSTP1 -9999 8.3 1 Average soil temperature top 10cm FSTP2 -9999 8.3 2 Average soil temperature top 10cm FSTP3 -9999 8.3 3 Average soil temperature top 10cm FSTP4 -9999 8.3 4 Average soil temperature top 10cm FSHFP1 -9999 8.3 Soil heat flux plate1 FSHFP2 -9999 8.3 Soil heat flux plate 2 FSHFP3 -9999 8.3 Soil heat flux plate 3 FSHFP4 -9999 8.3 Soil heat flux plate 4 FT1FIX -9999 8.3 Fixed air temp 12.8 m (oC) FT2FIX -9999 8.3 Fixed air temp 9.5m (oC0 FTEMP3 -9999 8.3 Air temp 7.5 m (oC) FTEMP4 -9999 8.3 Air temp 0.5 m (oC) FRH1FIX -9999 8.3 Fixed RH 12.8 m (%) FRH2FIX -9999 8.3 Fixed RH 9.5 m (%) FRH3 -9999 8.3 RH 7.5 m (%) FRH4 -9999 8.3 RH 0.5 m (%) FPAR -9999 8.3 Photosynthetically active radiation (umol.m-2.s-1) (19m) FRN1 -9999 8.3 Net radiation (Wm-2) FKDOWN -9999 8.3 Shortwave radiation down (Wm-2) (19m) FKUP -9999 8.3 Shortwave radiation up (Wm-2) (19m) F_ALBEDO -9999 8.3 Shortwave albedo FLDOWN -9999 8.3 Longwave radiation down (Wm-2) (19m) FLUP -9999 8.3 Longwave radiation up (Wm-2) (19m) FPYR -9999 8.3 Incoming shortwave solar from Licor sensor (Wm-2) FRAIN -9999 8.3 Rainfall total (mm) FPRESS -9999 8.3 Atmospheric pressure (mb) FWS1 -9999 8.3 Wind speed (ms-1) (20m) FWD1 -9999 8.3 Wind direction (oTN) FWS2 -9999 8.3 Wind speed (ms-1) (12.9) FWS3 -9999 8.3 Wind speed (ms-1) (7.5 m) FWS4 -9999 8.3 Wind speed (ms-1) (0.65 m) FRN2 -9999 8.3 Net radiation sensor 2 (Wm-2) (20m) FH1_QV -9999 8.3 1 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) FH2_QV -9999 8.3 2 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) FH3_QV -9999 8.3 3 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) FH4_QV -9999 8.3 4 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) FH5_QV -9999 8.3 5 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) FH6_QV -9999 8.3 6 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) FH7_QV -9999 8.3 7 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) c1_flux JOSS_TIM -9999 15.3 FRN1FIX -9999 8.3 FMEANWD -9999 8.3 Mean horizontal wind direction of sonic (205cm) (m.s-1) FMEANWS -9999 8.3 Mean horizontal wind speed of sonic (205cm) (m.s-1) FMEANT -9999 8.3 Mean absolute (virtual corrected) sonic temperature (oC) FMEANP -9999 8.3 Mean Licor internal pressure (Kpa) FMEANH2O -9999 8.3 Mean Licor weight fraction water vapour (g.kg-1) FMEANCO2 -9999 8.3 Mean Licor weight fraction CO2 (ug.g-1) FUSTAR -9999 8.3 Friction velocity (m/s) FL -9999 8.3 Monin-Obukov length (m) F_LE -9999 8.3 Corrected latent heat flux (Wm-2) F_H -9999 8.3 Sensible heat flux (Wm-2) F_FC -9999 8.3 Corrected CO2 flux (ug.g-1.m-2) F_G -9999 8.3 Average surface soil heat flux (Wm-2) FVALIDY -9999 8.3 Validy is sum of other valid so if all valid then validy=8 c2_climate JOSS_TIM -9999 15.3 TSTP1 -9999 8.3 1 Average soil temperature top 10cm TSTP2 -9999 8.3 2 Average soil temperature top 10cm TSTP3 -9999 8.3 3 Average soil temperature top 10cm TSTP4 -9999 8.3 4 Average soil temperature top 10cm TSHFP1 -9999 8.3 SHFP1_AVG H TSHFP2 -9999 8.3 SHFP2_AVG H TSHFP3 -9999 8.3 SHFP3_AVG H TSHFP4 -9999 8.3 SHFP4_AVG H TTEMP1 -9999 8.3 Air temperature 590cm (oC) TTEMP2 -9999 8.3 Air temperature 200cm (oC) TRH1 -9999 8.3 Relative humidity 590cm (%) TRH2 -9999 8.3 Relative Humidity 200cm (%) TPAR -9999 8.3 Par (umol.m-2.s-1) TRN1 -9999 8.3 Net radiation 760cm (Wm-2) TPYR -9999 8.3 Pyranometer (Wm-2) TRAIN -9999 8.3 Rain total (mm) TPRESS -9999 8.3 Pressure (mb) TWS1 -9999 8.3 Wind speed 1000cm (m.s-1) TWD -9999 8.3 Wind direction (oMag) TWS2 -9999 8.3 wind speed 760cm (m.s-1) TKDOWN -9999 8.3 Incoming shortwave radiation (Wm-2) TKUP -9999 8.3 Outgoing shortwave radiation (Wm-2) T_ALBEDO -9999 8.3 Shortwave albedo TLDOWN -9999 8.3 Incoming longwave radiation (Wm-2) TLUP -9999 8.3 Outgoing longwave radiation (Wm-2) TWS3 -9999 8.3 Wind speed 425cm (m.s-1) TH1_QV -9999 8.3 1 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) TH2_QV -9999 8.3 2 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) TH3_QV -9999 8.3 3 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) TH4_QV -9999 8.3 4 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) TH5_QV -9999 8.3 5 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) TH6_QV -9999 8.3 6 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) TH7_QV -9999 8.3 7 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) c2_flux JOSS_TIM -9999 15.3 TRN1 -9999 8.3 Net radiation 760cm (Wm-2) TMEANWD -9999 8.3 Mean horizontal wind direction of sonic (205cm) (m.s-1) TMEANWS -9999 8.3 Mean horizontal wind speed of sonic (205cm) (m.s-1) TMEANT -9999 8.3 Mean absolute (virtual corrected) sonic temperature (oC) TMEANP -9999 8.3 Mean Licor internal pressure (Kpa) TMEANH2O -9999 8.3 Mean Licor weight fraction water vapour (g.kg-1) TMEANCO2 -9999 8.3 Mean Licor weight fraction CO2 (ug.g-1) TUSTAR -9999 8.3 Friction velocity (m/s) TL -9999 8.3 Monin-Obukov length (m) T_LE -9999 8.3 Corrected latent heat flux (Wm-2) T_H -9999 8.3 Sensible heat flux (Wm-2) T_FC -9999 8.3 Corrected CO2 flux (ug.g-1.m-2) T_G -9999 8.3 Average surface soil heat flux (Wm-2) TVALIDY -9999 8.3 Validy is sum of other valid so if all valid then validy=8 c3_climate JOSS_TIM -9999 15.3 MFILSTP1 -9999 8.3 1 Average soil temperature top 10cm MFILSTP2 -9999 8.3 2 Average soil temperature top 10cm MFILSTP3 -9999 8.3 3 Average soil temperature top 10cm MFILSTP4 -9999 8.3 4 Average soil temperature top 10cm MK_DOWNF -9999 8.3 Incoming shortwave radiation (Wm-2) ML_UP -9999 8.3 Outgoing longwave radiation (Wm-2) ML_DOWN -9999 8.3 Incoming longwave radiation (Wm-2) M_ALBEDO -9999 8.3 Shortwave albedo MKUP_FIL -9999 8.3 Outgoing shortwave radiation (Wm-2) MWS1 -9999 8.3 Wind speed 1 (m.s-1) MWS2 -9999 8.3 Wind speed 2 (m.s-1) MSHFP1 -9999 8.3 SHFP1_AVG H MSHFP2 -9999 8.3 SHFP2_AVG H MSHFP3 -9999 8.3 SHFP3_AVG H MSHFP4 -9999 8.3 SHFP4_AVG H MSHFP5 -9999 8.3 SHFP5_AVG H MTEMP1 -9999 8.3 Air temperature 200cm (oC) MTEMP2 -9999 8.3 Air temperature 200cm (oC) MRH1 -9999 8.3 Relative humidity 590cm (%) MRH2 -9999 8.3 Relative Humidity 200cm (%) MPYR -9999 8.3 Par (umol.m-2.s-1) MPAR -9999 8.3 Net radiation 760cm (Wm-2) MRN1 -9999 8.3 Pyranometer (Wm-2) MRAIN -9999 8.3 Rain total (mm) MPRESS -9999 8.3 Pressure (mb) MH1_QV -9999 8.3 1 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) MH2_QV -9999 8.3 2 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) MH3_QV -9999 8.3 3 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) MH4_QV -9999 8.3 4 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) c3_flux JOSS_TIM -9999 15.3 MRN1 -9999 8.3 Pyranometer (Wm-2) MVALIDY -9999 8.3 Validy is sum of other valid so if all valid then validy=8 M_LE -9999 8.3 Corrected latent heat flux (Wm-2) M_H -9999 8.3 Sensible heat flux (Wm-2) M_FC -9999 8.3 Corrected CO2 flux (ug.g-1.m-2) M_G -9999 8.3 Ground heat flux (Wm-2) MMEANWD -9999 8.3 Mean horizontal wind direction of sonic (205cm) (m.s-1) MMEANWS -9999 8.3 Mean horizontal wind speed of sonic (205cm) (m.s-1) MMEANT -9999 8.3 Mean absolute (virtual corrected) sonic temperature (oC) MMEANP -9999 8.3 Mean Licor internal pressure (Kpa) MMEANH2O -9999 8.3 Mean Licor weight fraction water vapour (g.kg-1) MMEANCO2 -9999 8.3 Mean Licor weight fraction CO2 (ug.g-1) MUSTAR -9999 8.3 Friction velocity (m/s) ML -9999 8.3 Monin-Obukov length (m) c4_climate JOSS_TIM -9999 15.3 MFILSTP1 -9999 8.3 1 Average soil temperature top 10cm MFILSTP2 -9999 8.3 2 Average soil temperature top 10cm MFILSTP3 -9999 8.3 3 Average soil temperature top 10cm MFILSTP4 -9999 8.3 4 Average soil temperature top 10cm MK_DOWNF -9999 8.3 Incoming shortwave radiation (Wm-2) ML_UP -9999 8.3 Outgoing longwave radiation (Wm-2) ML_DOWN -9999 8.3 Incoming longwave radiation (Wm-2) M_ALBEDO -9999 8.3 Shortwave albedo MKUP_FIL -9999 8.3 Outgoing shortwave radiation (Wm-2) MWS1 -9999 8.3 Wind speed 1 (m.s-1) MWS2 -9999 8.3 Wind speed 2 (m.s-1) MSHFP1 -9999 8.3 SHFP1_AVG H MSHFP2 -9999 8.3 SHFP2_AVG H MSHFP3 -9999 8.3 SHFP3_AVG H MSHFP4 -9999 8.3 SHFP4_AVG H MSHFP5 -9999 8.3 SHFP5_AVG H MTEMP1 -9999 8.3 Air temperature 200cm (oC) MTEMP2 -9999 8.3 Air temperature 200cm (oC) MRH1 -9999 8.3 Relative humidity 590cm (%) MRH2 -9999 8.3 Relative Humidity 200cm (%) MPYR -9999 8.3 Par (umol.m-2.s-1) MPAR -9999 8.3 Net radiation 760cm (Wm-2) MRN1 -9999 8.3 Pyranometer (Wm-2) MRAIN -9999 8.3 Rain total (mm) MPRESS -9999 8.3 Pressure (mb) MH1_QV -9999 8.3 1 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) MH2_QV -9999 8.3 2 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) MH3_QV -9999 8.3 3 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) MH4_QV -9999 8.3 4 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) c4_flux JOSS_TIM -9999 15.3 MRN1 -9999 8.3 Pyranometer (Wm-2) MVALIDY -9999 8.3 Validy is sum of other valid so if all valid then validy=8 M_LE -9999 8.3 Corrected latent heat flux (Wm-2) M_H -9999 8.3 Sensible heat flux (Wm-2) M_FC -9999 8.3 Corrected CO2 flux (ug.g-1.m-2) M_G -9999 8.3 Ground heat flux (Wm-2) MMEANWD -9999 8.3 Mean horizontal wind direction of sonic (205cm) (m.s-1) MMEANWS -9999 8.3 Mean horizontal wind speed of sonic (205cm) (m.s-1) MMEANT -9999 8.3 Mean absolute (virtual corrected) sonic temperature (oC) MMEANP -9999 8.3 Mean Licor internal pressure (Kpa) MMEANH2O -9999 8.3 Mean Licor weight fraction water vapour (g.kg-1) MMEANCO2 -9999 8.3 Mean Licor weight fraction CO2 (ug.g-1) MUSTAR -9999 8.3 Friction velocity (m/s) ML -9999 8.3 Monin-Obukov length (m) c6_climate JOSS_TIM -9999 15.3 MFILSTP1 -9999 8.3 1 Average soil temperature top 10cm MFILSTP2 -9999 8.3 2 Average soil temperature top 10cm MFILSTP3 -9999 8.3 3 Average soil temperature top 10cm MFILSTP4 -9999 8.3 4 Average soil temperature top 10cm MK_DOWNF -9999 8.3 Incoming shortwave radiation (Wm-2) ML_UP -9999 8.3 Outgoing longwave radiation (Wm-2) ML_DOWN -9999 8.3 Incoming longwave radiation (Wm-2) M_ALBEDO -9999 8.3 Shortwave albedo MKUP_FIL -9999 8.3 Outgoing shortwave radiation (Wm-2) MWS1 -9999 8.3 Wind speed 1 (m.s-1) MWS2 -9999 8.3 Wind speed 2 (m.s-1) MSHFP1 -9999 8.3 SHFP1_AVG H MSHFP2 -9999 8.3 SHFP2_AVG H MSHFP3 -9999 8.3 SHFP3_AVG H MSHFP4 -9999 8.3 SHFP4_AVG H MSHFP5 -9999 8.3 SHFP5_AVG H MTEMP1 -9999 8.3 Air temperature 200cm (oC) MTEMP2 -9999 8.3 Air temperature 200cm (oC) MRH1 -9999 8.3 Relative humidity 590cm (%) MRH2 -9999 8.3 Relative Humidity 200cm (%) MPYR -9999 8.3 Par (umol.m-2.s-1) MPAR -9999 8.3 Net radiation 760cm (Wm-2) MRN1 -9999 8.3 Pyranometer (Wm-2) MRAIN -9999 8.3 Rain total (mm) MPRESS -9999 8.3 Pressure (mb) MH1_QV -9999 8.3 1 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) MH2_QV -9999 8.3 2 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) MH3_QV -9999 8.3 3 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) MH4_QV -9999 8.3 4 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) c6_flux JOSS_TIM -9999 15.3 MRN1 -9999 8.3 Pyranometer (Wm-2) MVALIDY -9999 8.3 Validy is sum of other valid so if all valid then validy=8 M_LE -9999 8.3 Corrected latent heat flux (Wm-2) M_H -9999 8.3 Sensible heat flux (Wm-2) M_FC -9999 8.3 Corrected CO2 flux (ug.g-1.m-2) M_G -9999 8.3 Ground heat flux (Wm-2) MMEANWD -9999 8.3 Mean horizontal wind direction of sonic (205cm) (m.s-1) MMEANWS -9999 8.3 Mean horizontal wind speed of sonic (205cm) (m.s-1) MMEANT -9999 8.3 Mean absolute (virtual corrected) sonic temperature (oC) MMEANP -9999 8.3 Mean Licor internal pressure (Kpa) MMEANH2O -9999 8.3 Mean Licor weight fraction water vapour (g.kg-1) MMEANCO2 -9999 8.3 Mean Licor weight fraction CO2 (ug.g-1) MUSTAR -9999 8.3 Friction velocity (m/s) ML -9999 8.3 Monin-Obukov length (m) c8_climate JOSS_TIM -9999 15.3 MFILSTP1 -9999 8.3 1 Average soil temperature top 10cm MFILSTP2 -9999 8.3 2 Average soil temperature top 10cm MFILSTP3 -9999 8.3 3 Average soil temperature top 10cm MFILSTP4 -9999 8.3 4 Average soil temperature top 10cm MK_DOWNF -9999 8.3 Incoming shortwave radiation (Wm-2) ML_UP -9999 8.3 Outgoing longwave radiation (Wm-2) ML_DOWN -9999 8.3 Incoming longwave radiation (Wm-2) M_ALBEDO -9999 8.3 Shortwave albedo MKUP_FIL -9999 8.3 Outgoing shortwave radiation (Wm-2) MWS1 -9999 8.3 Wind speed 1 (m.s-1) MWS2 -9999 8.3 Wind speed 2 (m.s-1) MSHFP1 -9999 8.3 SHFP1_AVG H MSHFP2 -9999 8.3 SHFP2_AVG H MSHFP3 -9999 8.3 SHFP3_AVG H MSHFP4 -9999 8.3 SHFP4_AVG H MSHFP5 -9999 8.3 SHFP5_AVG H MTEMP1 -9999 8.3 Air temperature 200cm (oC) MTEMP2 -9999 8.3 Air temperature 200cm (oC) MRH1 -9999 8.3 Relative humidity 590cm (%) MRH2 -9999 8.3 Relative Humidity 200cm (%) MPYR -9999 8.3 Par (umol.m-2.s-1) MPAR -9999 8.3 Net radiation 760cm (Wm-2) MRN1 -9999 8.3 Pyranometer (Wm-2) MRAIN -9999 8.3 Rain total (mm) MPRESS -9999 8.3 Pressure (mb) MH1_QV -9999 8.3 1 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) MH2_QV -9999 8.3 2 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) MH3_QV -9999 8.3 3 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) MH4_QV -9999 8.3 4 Organic soil moisture content using algorithm of Hinzman (%) c8_flux JOSS_TIM -9999 15.3 MRN1 -9999 8.3 Pyranometer (Wm-2) MVALIDY -9999 8.3 Validy is sum of other valid so if all valid then validy=8 M_LE -9999 8.3 Corrected latent heat flux (Wm-2) M_H -9999 8.3 Sensible heat flux (Wm-2) M_FC -9999 8.3 Corrected CO2 flux (ug.g-1.m-2) M_G -9999 8.3 Ground heat flux (Wm-2) MMEANWD -9999 8.3 Mean horizontal wind direction of sonic (205cm) (m.s-1) MMEANWS -9999 8.3 Mean horizontal wind speed of sonic (205cm) (m.s-1) MMEANT -9999 8.3 Mean absolute (virtual corrected) sonic temperature (oC) MMEANP -9999 8.3 Mean Licor internal pressure (Kpa) MMEANH2O -9999 8.3 Mean Licor weight fraction water vapour (g.kg-1) MMEANCO2 -9999 8.3 Mean Licor weight fraction CO2 (ug.g-1) MUSTAR -9999 8.3 Friction velocity (m/s) ML -9999 8.3 Monin-Obukov length (m)