Pacific Arctic Stable Isotope Synthesis

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Data_Organization_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

Ken Dunton, Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Professor

Publication_Date: 20130227

Title: Pacific Arctic Stable Isotope Synthesis

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data

Publication_Information:

Publisher: Earth Observing Laboratory

Online_Linkage: pacmars.eol.ucar.edu

Description:

Abstract:

This dataset is a synthesis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data from several studies collected into a single GIS feature class. The data cover the Pacific-influenced coastal shelf ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean. Data points include isotopic ratios of del C-13 and del N-15. Additional metadata such as the names of the original data collectors are included as attributes of the feature class when available. Carbon isotope ratios are a good indicator of carbon sources of the food web because of their small enrichment steps between consecutive consumers (0-1‰) and nitrogen isotope ratios are good indicators of trophic level (TL) because of the larger enrichment step of 3-4‰ between TL.

Purpose:

To synthesize carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data from several studies into a single dataset, with a focus on data in the Pacific-influenced coastal shelf ecosystem of the Arctic Ocean.

Supplemental_Information:

This dataset was compiled from various other studies performed throughout several decades in the Arctic Ocean. Data were compiled in spreadsheet form and then imported into GIS as a single feature class. Data source information is provided as attributes for each data point.
Benthic samples for stable isotopic measurements (13C and 15N) were obtained from both van Veen grabs and benthic trawls. Zooplankton and samples of particulate organic matter (POM) were also collected for isotopic analysis; these data were used to develop our coupled benthic-pelagic conceptual food web model. In addition to biota, replicate 1 cc surface samples of undisturbed sediment were frozen for sediment isotopic analysis. Prior to 2002, sub-samples of freeze-dried tissue for isotopic analysis were treated with dilute HCl for several hours to remove carbonates and then dried at 70oC. About 15-20 mg of dried tissue samples were ground with 1 g of CuO and combusted in evacuated quartz tubes. The liberated carbon dioxide and nitrogen were cryogenically cleaned and stored in sealed glass tubes until analysis. Mass spectrometry was conducted using a VG Isogas SIRA 9 Mass Spectrometer. Machine precision was approximately ±0/2% for δ13C and ±0.3% for δ15N. Results are expressed in standard δ notation relative to carbonate PeeDeeBelemnite and atmospheric nitrogen where:
δ 13C or δ 15N (‰) = [Rsample/Rstandard) – 1] x 1000
and R = (13C/12C or 15N/14N), respectively.
After 2002, tissues for isotope analyses were processed on an easier and more accurate system. All biota were dried in aluminum dishes at 60 °C following removal of extraneous organic matter. When possible, soft tissues were removed from shelled organisms. All invertebrate samples were soaked in 1 N HCl for several hours to remove carbonates, rinsed in distilled water, and then dried. Muscle or body wall tissue was analyzed from bivalves, gastropods, large crustaceans (euphausiids and amphipods), and fish; all other organisms were analyzed whole. Entire organisms or tissues are manually ground for isotopic analyses. Replicate analyses reflected the analysis of individual organisms, not composite samples. All samples were analyzed on an automated system for coupled δ 13C and δ 15N measurements using a Finnegan MAT Delta Plus mass spectrometer attached to an elemental analyzer (CE Instruments, NC 2500). Samples were combusted at 1,020 °C and then injected into the mass spectrometer with continuous flow. Results are expressed in standard δ notation as seen above. Secondary and NBS calibration standards were routinely for cross-calibration checks of tank reference gases, against which all samples are run. The resulting data were reproducible to within ± 0.2 ‰. Machine analytical error was ± 0.15 ‰.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19800101

Ending_Date: 20100810

Currentness_Reference:

Temporal period extent is based on sample dates. In some cases, only sample year was provided by the original data source, while in other cases, no temporal context was provided at all.
The dates/times of the dataset refer to sample dates.

Status:

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.000000

East_Bounding_Coordinate: 180.000000

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 79.144987

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 57.882074

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Categories

Theme_Keyword: biota

Theme_Keyword: environment

Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation

Theme_Keyword: oceans

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Place_Keyword: Arctic Ocean

Access_Constraints:

Station locations are publicly available. Stable isotope values are restricted for use within the PacMARS research team. Data will be made available to the public after the first year of the PacMARS project.
The publisher, originator, original data collectors, and others associated with this work assume no liability for the quality and use of this dataset.

Use_Constraints:

PacMARS team members should be contacted before use of their data sets. PacMARS investigators and others are responsible for providing appropriate recognition to data providers in publications. This can include article co-authorship and/or reference to data publications. Citations, and DOIs when available, will be provided for datasets within the EOL data archive.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin

Contact_Person: Ken Dunton

Contact_Position: Professor

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-361-749-6744

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: ken.dunton@utexas.edu

Data_Set_Credit:

This dataset was compiled from a variety of sources by Ken Dunton, Marine Science Institute, The University of Texas at Austin. Data were loaded into a GIS feature class by Tim Whiteaker, Center for Research in Water Resources, The University of Texas at Austin.

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.1.1.3143

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Accuracy data is not available for this dataset.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

This synthesis dataset relies heavily on quality control performed by original data collectors. However, all stable isotope ratio values do fall within a reasonable range of values.

Completeness_Report:

Data in the original source datasets east of -120 degrees longitude or south of 60 degrees north latitude were excluded from this dataset. Sites on land or in inland waters were also excluded.
Some data points from collectors Golikov and Haubenstauk included coordinates placing those points in what appeared to be incorrect locations (far inland in Russia). These points were excluded from the dataset.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Station locations generally appear accurrate when overlain onto regional scale maps.
Points from the following CruiseIDs initially plotted far inland, suggesting coordinates are off. The locations were moved as described below. The original latitude and longitude values were not changed in the attribute table, thereby preserving a record of the original coordinates as supplied by the data source.
CruiseID Golikov Russia 1989 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Sites: Amguyema River Kolyachinskaya Bay - inside Kolyachinskaya Bay - outside
Note: Golikov's Wrangel Island locations seem correct
These sites were moved per instructions from Susan Schonberg as follows, using ETOPO1 to provide depths: The inside Kolyachinskaya Bay is in the center of the bay near the coast. Adding a negative sign to the longitude places the point in that location, so the new coordinates are (-174.167, 66.9). The outside Kolyachinskaya Bay is located off the western coast in 30 m depth. Like the previous point, adding a negative sign to the longitude places the point in the rightlocation, (-174.5, 67.767). The Amguyema River is located against the river at 50 m depth. Negative sign was missing again. Correct coordinates (-177.5, 68.6)
Cruise ID NP 1994 '''''''''''''''''
Site: NP94 (168.83, 67.75)
There is only one other NP94 site in the dataset. It has the same longitude as the suspect site, but different latitude. Assume the latitude in the suspect site is wrong, and use the same latitude as the other NP94 site, 73.5. Cruise ID RV Thompson 1988 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Site: R/V THOMAS WASHINGTON - TW88 (163.12, 67.03)
The other sites in this cruise are located in the Bering Strait. Longitude of this site of 163.12 is also -196.88 (the originally reported longitude). Assuming a typo, a longitude of -169.88 places this site between the two sites with the most similar latitude. With nothing else to help locate this site, assuming there was a typo and correcting the longitude to be -169.88 seems reasonable.

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:

Vertical accuracy is not available for depths reported in this dataset.

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:

Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector

Point_and_Vector_Object_Information:

SDTS_Terms_Description:

SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: Entity point

Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 4094

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Planar:

Map_Projection:

Map_Projection_Name: North Pole Stereographic

Stereographic:

Longitude_of_Projection_Center: 0.0

Latitude_of_Projection_Center: 90.0

False_Easting: 0.0

False_Northing: 0.0

Planar_Coordinate_Information:

Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair

Coordinate_Representation:

Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000000006783107409091829

Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000000006783107409091829

Planar_Distance_Units: meter

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: D WGS 1984

Ellipsoid_Name: WGS 1984

Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.0

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257223563

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: stable_isotope_synthesis

Entity_Type_Definition: Locations of stable isotope samples

Entity_Type_Definition_Source:

Various investigators over several decades collected the data compiled into this dataset

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FID

Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain:

Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Shape

Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Esri

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: CruiseID

Attribute_Definition: Cruise identifier

Attribute_Definition_Source: Various

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: StationNum

Attribute_Definition: Station number or unique identifier

Attribute_Definition_Source: Assigned for each cruise by investigator or cruise planner

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: StationNme

Attribute_Definition: Station name

Attribute_Definition_Source: Assigned for each cruise by investigator or cruise planner

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: DataDate

Attribute_Definition: Sample date

Attribute_Definition_Source: Recorded for each cruise by investigator

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: DataYear

Attribute_Definition: Sample year

Attribute_Definition_Source: Compiled from sample dates or publications

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: DataTime

Attribute_Definition: Sample times

Attribute_Definition_Source: Recorded for each cruise by investigator

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: TimeZone

Attribute_Definition: Time zone

Attribute_Definition_Source: Global time zones

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: UTCOffset

Attribute_Definition: Offset in hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)

Attribute_Definition_Source:

International Telecommunications Union Recommendation (ITU-R TF.460-6)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Latitude

Attribute_Definition: Latitude

Attribute_Definition_Source: World Geodetic System

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Longitude

Attribute_Definition: Longitude

Attribute_Definition_Source: World Geodetic System

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Depth

Attribute_Definition:

Depth that samples were taken, in meters. Depths are positive in the downward direction. Null values are indicated by -999.99.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Depths were recorded by sensors on each cruise

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: WaterDepth

Attribute_Definition:

Water depth to sea floor at the current location, in meters. Depths are positive in the downward direction. Null values are indicated by -999.99.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Depths were recorded by sensors on each cruise

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: delC13

Attribute_Definition:

del C-13 isotopic ratio, per mille. Null values are indicated by -999.99. Method of measurement is indicated in the Method attribute when available.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Data collector

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: delN15

Attribute_Definition:

del N-15 isotopic ratio, per mille. Null values are indicated by -999.99. Method of measurement is indicated in the Method attribute when available.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Data collector

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: TSN

Attribute_Definition:

Taxonomic serial number, a unique identifier for taxa. Missing or "not applicable" values are indicated by -999.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Integrated Taxonomic Information System

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Source

Attribute_Definition: Original source of the data

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Org

Attribute_Definition: Affiliation of the group who originally collected the data

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Method

Attribute_Definition: Method of isotopic ratio sample collection and measurement.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Data collector

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Citation

Attribute_Definition: Reference citations from data in this dataset.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Originator

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: SampleType

Attribute_Definition: Broad category for the type of sample, e.g., benthic.

Attribute_Definition_Source: Originator

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: Taxon

Attribute_Definition: Entity sampled

Attribute_Definition_Source: Data collector

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: FeedGuild

Attribute_Definition:

Feeding Guild by Macdonald, et. al., 2010. Key: PEL: Pelagic EP: Epibenthic SR: Surface SS: Sub-surface He: Herbivore De: Detritovore Su: Suspension feeder Pr: Predator mac: macrofauna mei: meiofauna zoo: zooplankton

Attribute_Definition_Source:

Macdonald, TA, BJ Burd, VI Macdonald, A. van Roodsellar. 2010. Taxonomic and feeding guild classification for the marine benthic macroinvertebrates of the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2874. Fisheries and Oceans Canada.

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: National Center for Atmospheric Research

Contact_Person: Earth Observing Laboratory

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical

Address: 3450 Mitchell Lane

City: Boulder

State_or_Province: CO

Postal_Code: 80301

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-497-8154

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: codiac@ucar.edu

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: stott@ucar.edu

Distribution_Liability:

PacMARS team members should be contacted before use of their data sets. PacMARS investigators and others are responsible for providing appropriate recognition to data providers in publications. This can include article co-authorship and/or reference to data publications. Citations, and DOIs when available, will be provided for datasets within the EOL data archive.

Custom_Order_Process: Data can be obtained from EOL, <http://www.eol.ucar.edu/>.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20130529

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: The University of Texas at Austin

Contact_Person: Tim Whiteaker

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical

Address: 10100 Burnet Rd., Bldg. 119

City: Austin

State_or_Province: TX

Postal_Code: 78758

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 512-471-0570

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: twhit@mail.utexas.edu

Contact_Position: Research Associate

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time