Regional Survey of Greenland, 1988 Two (2) 2 meter snow pits dug and sampled in 1988, 3 cm sampling interval Five (4) 4 meter snow pits dug and sampled in 1988, 3 cm sampling interval Two 6 meter snow pits dug and sampled in 1988, 3 cm sampling interval Surface snow samples DATA SETS AVAILABLE: 2 m and 4 m snow pits: Chemistry, stable isotopes, density, radionuclide data for select pits 6 m snow pits: Chemisty, stable isotopes, density, radionuclide data Surface snow samples: Chemistry The pits and surface snow samples were collected by the Glacier Research Group (GRG), using established protocols to prevent contamination. The pits were sampled at a 3 cm sample interval. The samples for major ion chemistry remained frozen until melted for analysis in the GRG lab, located at the University of New Hampshire (UNH). Chemical analysis of the snow samples from the pits initially measured eight of the major ionic species, Na, NH4, K, Mg, Ca, Cl, NO3, SO4 and oxygen isotopes. Select pits had additional analyzes for H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), MSA (methylsulfonic acid), and 210Pb. All data except the oxygen isotope data, which is from the University of Washington, were generated by GRG at the University of New Hampshire. Analytical methods: Major ion analyses was by ion chromatography (IC). A Dionex AS4A column with suppressed conductivity detection and a 0.5 ml sample loop was used for the anions. A Dionex Fast Cation 1 with a Fast Cation II with suppressed conductivity dectection and a switching valve and a 0.5 ml sample loop was used for the cations. MSA was determined using a AS4 column, a 3 ml loop, and suppressed conductivity. Samples for H2O2 were analyzed using a peroxidase-catalysed reaction measured by fluorescence spectrophotometry. 210Pb was determined by alpha spectrometry, counting the daughter, 210Po. 7Be, 134Cs, and 137Cs were determined by gamma spectrometry. Stratigraphy is also available for each pit. Contact: Sallie Whitlow, Glacier Research Group, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824 603-862-4129 siw@unh.edu Dr. Paul Mayewski, Glacier Research Group, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824 603-862-3146 Publications: Dibb, Jack, 1989. The Chernobyl reference horizon(?) in the Greenland ice sheet. Geophy. Res. Letters, 16, 987-990. Dibb, J. E., 1990. Recent deposition of 210Pb on the Greenland ice sheet: variations in space and time. Annals of Glacio., 14, 51-54. Yang, Q., P.A. Mayewski, E. Linder, S. Whitlow, and M. Twickler. Chemical species spatial distribution and relationship to elevation and snow accumulation rate over the Greenland ice sheet. In review, Jour. of Geophy. Res., expected publication, 1996. Data Fields -999 indicates no data -888 indicates sample below the level of detection Precision is the average of the coefficient of variations calculated for each pair of duplicate aliquots analyzed. Pit_1_Ions: (location N77o11' W60 43' 1650 masl, 2-3 May 1988, 6 meter pit) Top depth, meters Bottom depth, meters Chloride (Cl), micrograms per liter; 6% precision Nitrate (NO3), micrograms/L; 1% precision Sulfate (SO4), micrograms/L; 1% precision Sodium (Na), micrograms/L; 3% precision Ammonium (NH4), micrograms/L; 3% precision Potassium (K), micrograms/L; 14% precision Magnesium (Mg), micrograms/L; 5% precision Calcium (Ca), micrograms/L; 5% precision Methylsulfonic acid (MSA), micrograms/L; 10% precision Oxygen isotopes (18O), standard per mil notation Pit_1_210Pb Top depth, meters Bottom depth, meters 210Pb, disintegrations per minute per kilogram (dpm/kg) sigma, one standard deviation based on counting uncertainty Pit_1_H2O2 Top, depth, meters Bottom, depth, meters H2O2, micrograms/L; 5% precision Pit_1_den Depth, meters Density, grams per cubic centimeter Pit_2_ions (N77o12' W59o12', 1700 masl, 8 May, 1988, 4 meter pit) Top depth, meters Bottom depth, meters Chloride (Cl), micrograms per liter; precision 6% Nitrate (NO3), micrograms/L; precision 1% Sulfate (SO4), micrograms/L; precision 1% Sodium (Na), micrograms/L; precision 3% Ammonium (NH4), micrograms/L; 3% precision Potassium (K), micrograms/L; 14% precision Magnesium (Mg), micrograms/L; 5% precision Calcium (Ca), micrograms/L; 5% precision Oxygen isotopes (18O), standard per mil notation H2O2, micrograms/L; 5% percision Pit_2_210Pb Top depth, meters Bottom depth, meters 210Pb, disintegrations per minute per kilogram (dpm/kg) sigma, one standard deviation based on counting uncertainty Pit_2_Density Depth, meters Density, grams per cubic centimeter Pit_3_ions (N77o12 W59 12, 1700 masl, 15 meters south of pit 2, 2 meter pit) Top depth, meters Bottom depth, meters Chloride (Cl), micrograms per liter; precision 6% Nitrate (NO3), micrograms/L; precision 1% Sulfate (SO4), micrograms/L; precision 1% Sodium (Na), micrograms/L; precision 3% Ammonium (NH4), micrograms/L; 3% precision Potassium (K), micrograms/L; 14% precision Magnesium (Mg), micrograms/L; 5% precision Calcium (Ca), micrograms/L; 5% precision Oxygen isotopes (18O), standard per mil notation Pit_3_H2O2 Top depth, meters Bottom depth, meters H2O2, micrograms/L; 5% percision Pit_4_Chem (N66o35' W45o30', 2130 masl, 15 May 1988, 2 meter pit) Top depth, meters Bottom depth, meters Chloride (Cl), micrograms per liter; 6% precision Nitrate (NO3), micrograms/L; 1% precision Sulfate (SO4), micrograms/L; 1% precision Sodium (Na), micrograms/L; 3% precision Ammonium (NH4), micrograms/L; 3% precision Potassium (K), micrograms/L; 14% precision Magnesium (Mg), micrograms/L; 5% precision Calcium (Ca), IC data, micrograms/L; 5% precision Oxygen isotopes (18O), standard per mil notation Pit_4_Dens Depth, meters Density, grams per cubic centimeter Pit_5_Chem (N66o 57 W44o 29', 2250 masl, 19 May 1988, 4 meter pit) Top depth, meters Bottom depth, meters Chloride (Cl), micrograms per liter; 6% precision Nitrate (NO3), micrograms/L; 1% precision Sulfate (SO4), micrograms/L; 1% precision Sodium (Na), micrograms/L; 3% precision Ammonium (NH4), micrograms/L; 3% precision Potassium (K), micrograms/L; 14% precision Magnesium (Mg), micrograms/L; 5% precision Calcium (Ca), IC data, micrograms/L; 5% precision Oxygen isotopes (18O), standard per mil notation Pit_5_Dens Depth, meters Density, grams per cubic centimeter Pit_6_Chem (N67o12' W43o48', 2450 masl, 21 May 1988, 6 meter pit) Top depth, meters Bottom depth, meters Oxygen isotopes (18O), standard per mil notation Chloride (Cl), microequivalents per liter; 6% precision Nitrate (NO3), microequivalents/L; 1% precision Sulfate (SO4), microequivalents/L; 1% precision Sodium (Na), microequivalents/L; 3% precision Ammonium (NH4), microequivalents/L; 3% precision Potassium (K), microequivalents/L; 14% precision Magnesium (Mg), microequivalents/L; 5% precision Calcium (Ca), microequivalents/L; 5% precision Methylsulfonic acid (MSA), micrograms/L; 10% precision Pit_6_H2O2 Top depth, meters Bottom depth, meters Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), micrograms/L, 5% percision Pit_6_Dens Depth, meters Density, grams per cubic centimeter Pit_7_Chem (N64o46' W44o07', 2745 masl, 28 May 1988, 4 meter pit) Top depth, meters Bottom depth, meters Chloride (Cl), micrograms per liter; 6% precision Nitrate (NO3), micrograms/L; 1% precision Sulfate (SO4), micrograms/L; 1% precision Sodium (Na) micrograms/L; 3% precision Ammonium (NH4), micrograms/L; 3% precision Potassium (K), micrograms/L; 14% precision Magnesium (Mg), micrograms/L; 5% precision Calcium (Ca), micrograms/L; 5% precision Oxygen isotopes (18O), standard per mil notation Pit_7_Dens Depth, meters Density, grams per cubic centimeter Pit_7_210Pb Top depth, meters Bottom depth, meters 210Pb, disintegrations per minute per kilogram (dpm/kg) sigma, one standard deviation based on counting uncertainty Pit_8_Chem (N645o38' W43o40' 2550 masl, 31 May 1988, 4 meter pit) Top depth, meters Bottom depth, meters Chloride (Cl), micrograms per liter; 6% precision Nitrate (NO3), micrograms/L; 1% precision Sulfate (SO4), micrograms/L; 1% precision Sodium (Na) micrograms/L; 3% precision Ammonium (NH4), micrograms/L; 3% precision Potassium (K), micrograms/L; 14% precision Magnesium (Mg), micrograms/L; 5% precision Calcium (Ca), micrograms/L; 5% precision Oxygen isotopes (18O), standard per mil notation Pit_8_Dens Depth, meters Density, grams per cubic centimeter Surface snow data sets: Traverse_1 Distance, kilometers from Camp Century Oxygen isotopes (18O), standard per mil notation Sodium (Na) microequivalents/L; 3% precision Ammonium (NH4), microequivalents/L; 3% precision Potassium (K), microequivalents/L; 14% precision Magnesium (Mg), microequivalents/L; 5% precision Calcium (Ca), microequivalents/L; 5% precision Chloride (Cl), microequivalents/L; 6% precision Nitrate (NO3), microequivalents/L; 1% precision Sulfate (SO4), microequivalents/L; 1% precision Traverse_2 Distance, kilometers from Dye 2 Sodium (Na) micrograms/L; 3% precision Ammonium (NH4), micrograms/L; 3% precision Potassium (K), micrograms/L; 14% precision Magnesium (Mg), micrograms/L; 5% precision Calcium (Ca), micrograms/L; 5% precision Chloride (Cl), micrograms/L; 6% precision Nitrate (NO3), micrograms/L; 1% precision Sulfate (SO4), micrograms/L; 1% precision 210Pb_7Be_Fresh snow Location, kilometers, includes date sample taken 210Pb, disintegrations per minute per kilogram (dpm/kg) sigma, one standard deviation based on counting uncertainty 7Be, dpm/kg sigma, one standard deviation based on counting uncertainty Chernobyl_data Pit number, corresponds to pits listed above Top depth, meters Bottom depth, meters 134Cs, picocuries per kilogram (pCi/kg) sigma, one standard deviation based on counting uncertainty 137Cs, pCi/kg sigma, one standard deviation based on counting uncertainty