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GENERAL INFORMATION
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These graphs contain an analysis of the cloud microphysics observations
made aboard the C-130 for the Lagrangian experiments.  Observations 
are made from the FSSP and 260X probe as presented by Darrel 
Baumgardner at the time these graphs were submitted ( 1 March 97); 
no additional corrections have been applied other than a cut-off for 
noise. 

Observations from both on-station soundings and horizontal legs are 
combined to produce observational profiles versus altitude.  

The first series of graphs show the combined droplet spectra at different
pressure levels and the resulting cloud fraction.  The composite cloud
fraction is presented on one graph for both the FSSP and the 260X as well
as the number of samples used for each pressure level.  From this graph, 
one can see where the altitudes the horizontal legs have been flown.  

For radiation calculations, the droplet concentration, liquid water 
content, effective radius and volume extinction scale are presented 
for all samples, and in-cloud only samples.  

The drizzle flux is calculated from the 260X observations (Note that there
has been no checking for ice). For reference we present the terminal 
velocity for different particle sizes.

Lastly, we present profiles of the potential temperature, equivalent 
potential temperature and total mixing ratio. The windspeed and wind 
direction profiles are also here.

**ALL TIME REFERENCES ARE IN LOCAL DAYLIGHT SAVINGS TIME (UTC + 11).**

These calculations have been made by Paul Krummel, CSIRO Division
of Atmospheric Research (email: paul.krummel@dar.csiro.au).  Please 
contact Paul or Steve Siems (s.siems@sci.monash.edu.au) regarding 
further questions or numerical data.

LAGRANGIAN A (flights 18, 19 and 20)
============

FLIGHT 18:

   Flight 18_1 (04:00-07:11 local time = 17:00 - 20:11 UTC) Stack 1
   Scattered cumulus clouds were encountered initially, turning into more 
   solid stratocumulus during the later part of the stack. 

   Flight 18_2 (07:12-10:19 local time = 20:12 - 23:19 UTC) Stack 2
   Mostly scattered cumulus and stratocumulus clouds were encountered, 
   often with two layers of cloud. Very similar to stack 1.

FLIGHT 19:

   Flight 19_1 (14:23-17:43 local time = 03:23 - 06:43 UTC) Stack 1
   Conditions varied considerably across the circles with thick cloud
   encountered at northen edge of the circles. This is where most of the
   microphysics was encountered.

   Flight 19_2 (17:43-20:22 local time = 06:43 - 09:22 UTC) Stack 2
   Similar to the first stack. On the ascent to the ferry back to Hobart
   a solid cloud layer was encountered between 840 and 750 hPa. This shows
   up in the profiles as second cloud layer at this altitude. 

FLIGHT 20:

   (04:49-07:43 local time = 17:49 - 20:43 UTC)
   Mostly scattered cumulus cloud was encountered in the boundary layer, 
   with two layers of cloud being present. Higher up there were more cloud
   layers but these are not contained in the profiles.

LAGRANGIAN B (flights 24, 25 and 26)
============ 

FLIGHT 24: There were no clouds, as such, there were no meaningful
observations of microphysics.  No files are presented.  

FLIGHT 25 
   (20:00-00:00 local time = 09 - 13 UTC) 
   The first stack on this flight has negligible cloud microphysics.

   (00:00-02:21 local time = 13 - 15:21 UTC) 
   Observations show relatively weak cloud microphysics.  
   Possible cloud layer at around 500 hPa is seen on ferry home north
   of where the stacks were flown.

FLIGHT 26
Observations again show relatively weak cloud microphysics.  As there 
was considerable advection during this flight, we have broken up the 
observations in time between the two sets of stacks.  The cloud
structure is quite complex and the microphysical properties changed 
noticeably between the stacks.  

   Flight 26_1 (08:00-11:00 local time = 21 - 24 UTC)
   
   This time period largely covered the first set of stacks for the 
   C-130.  The highest layer observed was during the descent from the 
   ferry leg to the lidar leg and was around 520 - 600 hPa.  This 
   is NOT contained in the averaged data.  There were at least two 
   more layers below this and these are seen in the averages. 

   Flight 26_2 (11:00-13:00 local time = 24 - 26 UTC)

   For the second stack there were 2 to 3 layers below 700 hPa.
   
On the climb out from the lidar leg to ferry altitude a thick layer 
of cloud was observed between 690 - 580 hPa.  These upper level 
measurements are not included in the averages.  Once at the ferry 
altitude ~500 hPa, both the PMS-260X and PMS-2DC probes were 
recording quite high amounts of drizzle/ice, the FSSP was also 
recording some larger droplets. 


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