STORM-WAVE Fifteen Minute Precipitation Composite 1.0 General Description The Fifteen Minute Precipitation Composite is one of several precipitation datasets provided in the STormscale Operational and Research Meteorology-Weather data Assimilation and Verification Experiment (STORM-WAVE). This precipitation composite was formed from several data sources (i.e., Arkansas-Red Basin River Forecast Center (ABRFC), National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) Fifteen Minute Precipitation dataset (TD 3260), Oklahoma Mesonet (OKMESO), and the precipitation data extracted from the STORM-WAVE Five Minute Surface Composite). Data from these sources (over a thousand stations) were quality controlled and merged to form this precipitation composite. This composite contains data for the STORM-WAVE domain and time period (01 April 1995 through 30 June 1995). The STORM-WAVE domain is approximately 85W to 109W longitude and 30N to 45N latitude. 2.0 Detailed Data Description 2.0.1 ABRFC Precipitation Algorithms The ABRFC 15-minute Precipitation dataset was formed by extracting accumulative precipitation values that fell on each 15-minute time (i.e., 00, 15, 30, and 45-minute) within each hour. Incremental values were computed by differencing consecutive pairs of these accumulated values. The incremental value reported at any 15-minute observation represents data collected during the previous 15 minutes. Only incremental values are included in the STORM-WAVE 15-minute precipitation composite. 2.0.2 NCDC Fifteen Minute Precipitation Algorithms The NCDC Fifteen Minute Precipitation dataset (TD 3260) is formed by retaining both incremental and accumulative precipitation values from the raw precipitation data. Both incremental and accumulative values are contained in the STORM-WAVE 15-minute precipitation composite. If an accumulation period began prior to but continued into the beginning of the STORM-WAVE time period, the precipitation values in that accumulation period were reset to missing values. An accumulation period that began near the end of the STORM-WAVE time period, but continued after the end of the STORM-WAVE time period would also have its precipitation values reset to missing. 2.0.3 OKMESO Precipitation Algorithms The OKMESO Precipitation was formed by extracting accumulative precipitation values that fell on each 15-minute time (i.e., 00, 15, 30, and 45-minute) within each hour and then differencing consecutive pairs of these accumulated values to obtain incremental values. The value reported at any 15-minute observation represents data collected during the previous 15 minutes. Only incremental values are included in the STORM-WAVE 15-minute precipitation composite. 2.0.4 15-Minute Precip extracted from STORM-WAVE 5-Minute Surface Composite Each 15-minute precipitation incremental value in this dataset was formed by summing the 5-minute precipitation values extracted from the STORM-WAVE 5-Minute Surface Composite. For example, the incremental value at 0015, is the sum of the 0005, 0010, and 0015 values from the STORM-WAVE 5-Minute Surface Composite. The value reported at any 15-minute observation represents data collected during the previous 15 minutes. 2.1 Detailed Format Description The STORM-WAVE Fifteen Minute Precipitation Composite contains seven metadata parameters and three data parameters. The metadata parameters describe the date/time, network, station and location at which the data were collected. The three data parameters repeat once for each fifteen minutes from UTC 0000 through UTC hour 2345. Data reported for a designated 15-minute observation represents data collected during the previous 15-minutes. All times are reported in UTC, and precipitation data values are reported in millimeters. A Quality Flag and a QC Code are assigned to each data value during the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/Joint Office for Science Support (UCAR/JOSS) quality control processing. For a list of possible Quality Flag and QC Code values see the Quality Control Section 3.0. The table below details each parameter. Parameters Units ---------- ----- Date of Observation UTC Time of Observation UTC Network Identifier Abbreviation of platform name Station Identifier Network Dependent Latitude Decimal degrees, South is negative Longitude Decimal degrees, West is negative Station Occurrence Unitless 15-Minute Precip Value Millimeters Quality Flag See list of Definitions QC Code See list of Definitions 2.2 Data Remarks None. 3.0 Quality Control Processing This precipitation composite was formed from four datasets (i.e., ABRFC Fifteen Minute Precipitation data, NCDC Fifteen Minute Precipitation data (TD 3260), OKMESO Fifteen Minute Precipitation data, and the precipitation data extracted from the STORM-WAVE Five Minute Surface Composite). Each of these datasets was Quality Controlled independently. All datasets, except for the precipitation extracted from the STORM-WAVE Five Minute Surface Composite, were Quality Controlled using the gross limit check method described below. Further details regarding quality control of the extracted precipitation data are provided in the STORM-WAVE 5-Minute Surface Composite description document. Gross limit checks were used to determine the quality of the data in the STORM-WAVE Fifteen Minute Precipitation Composite. Data values less than 8 millimeters were flagged as good. Any data value greater than or equal to 8 millimeters but less than 15 millimeters was flagged as questionable. Any data value greater than or equal to 15 millimeters was flagged as unlikely. Several questionable and unlikely data values were also manually inspected. After inspection, the quality control code and flag may have been manually updated to better reflect the likelihood of the actual occurrence of the precipitation value based on an isohyet analysis. The data were never changed, only flagged. Tables 1 and 2 contain the quality control codes and flags, respectively. When the precipitation was extracted from the STORM-WAVE Five Minute Surface Composite, a hierarchical method was used to determine the final precipitation quality control (QC) flag. Gross limit checks were previously applied to the precipitation in the STORM-WAVE Five Minute Surface Composite, and the "worst" QC flag was retained as the final 15-minute precipitation QC flag. In order from "worst" to "best", the precipitation QC flags are: M, N, C, I, X, B, E, D, U, G, T where the definitions of these flags are listed in Table 2 below. After the four datasets were merged to form the STORM-WAVE Fifteen Minute Precipitation Composite, a statistics program was executed to ensure that the quality of the individual datasets had been retained. Table 1 Quality Control Flag Description -------------------- ----------- 0 No qualifier required 1 Accumulation period 2 End of Accumulation period 3 Deleted value. Original data was unreadable. 4-6 Reserved. 7 Missing value Table 2 QC Code Description ------- ----------- U Unchecked G Good M Normally recorded but missing D Questionable B Unlikely N Not available or Not observed. X Glitch E Estimated C Reported precipitation value exceeds 9999.99 millimeters or was negative. T Trace precipitation amount recorded. I Derived parameter can not be computed due to insufficient data. 4.0 References National Climatic Data Center, 1986: 15-Minute Precipitation Data TD 3260. National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC, 19 pp.