Estimation of Summer Micro-zooplankton (MZ) Abundance and Biomass, HY0803, KN195-10, TN-250

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Stoecker, Diane

Publication_Date: 20090414

Title:

Estimation of Summer Micro-zooplankton (MZ) Abundance and Biomass, HY0803, KN195-10, TN-250

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: spreadsheet

Description:

Abstract:

This project addresses the BSIERP hypothesis that "Climate-induced changes in physical forcing will modify the availability and partitioning of food for all trophic levels through bottom-up processes". MZ are responsible for most of the grazing on phytoplankton in the sea and are an important link in the food chain between phytoplankton and zooplankton, which are food for zooplanktivorous fish which support top predators. The project contributes to the goals of BSIERP by providing summer data on standing stocks of MZ and their grazing activities. A key goal is to determine how the MZ link in Bering Sea food webs is influenced by climate-induced changes in physical forcing.

Purpose: Unspecified

Supplemental_Information:

References:
Gifford DJ, Caron DA. 2000. Chapter 5. Sampling, preservation, enumeration and biomass of marine protozooplankton. pp 193-221 in Harris R, Wiebe P, Lenz J, Skjoldal HR, Huntley M (eds) ICES Zooplankton Methodology Manual. Academic Press, San Diego.
Menden-Deurer S, Lessard EJ. 2000. Carbon to volume relationships for dinoflagellates, diatoms, and other protist plankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 45: 569-579.
Olson MB, Strom SL. 2002. Phytoplankton growth, microzooplankton herbivory and community structure in the southeast Bering Sea: insight into the formation and temporal persistence of an Emiliania huxleyi bloom. Deep-Sea Res II 49: 5969-5990. Putt M, Stoecker DK. 1989. An experimentally determined carbon:volume ratio for marine “oligotrichous” ciliates from estuarine and coastal waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34: 1097-1103.
Stoecker DK, Gifford DJ, Putt M. 1994. Preservation of marine planktonic ciliates: losses and cell shrinkage during fixation. Mar Ecol. Prog Ser. 110: 293-299. Strom SL, Fredrickson KA. 2008.Intense stratification leads to phytoplankton nutrient limitation and reduced microzooplankton grazing in the southeastern Bering Sea. Deep Sea Res II 55: 1761-1774.

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20080703

Ending_Date: 20100712

Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None planned

Spatial_Domain:

Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Eastern Bering Sea

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -179.39

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -162.43

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 62.4

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 55.26

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: IOOS Core Variables

Theme_Keyword: Version 1

Theme_Keyword: Zooplankton abundance

Theme_Keyword: Zooplankton species

Theme_Keyword: Biology

Theme_Keyword: Ocean Color

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: project_number:B55

Theme_Keyword: data_url:<http://data.eol.ucar.edu/codiac/dss/id=245.B55-003>

Theme_Keyword: archive_url:<http://www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/bsierp>

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Place_Keyword: Bering Sea

Place_Keyword: Alaska

Access_Constraints:

Access is restricted. Data policy: <http://www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/best/program_management_plan.pdf>

Use_Constraints:

Use is restricted. Data policy: <http://www.eol.ucar.edu/projects/best/program_management_plan.pdf>

Data_Quality_Information:

Logical_Consistency_Report: Unspecified

Completeness_Report: Unspecified

Lineage:

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Field

Methodology_Description:

Water samples were obtained using 30 l Niskin bottles. Duplicate samples (250 ml) for MZ were preserved with 10% (final concentration) acid Lugol's solution in amber glass bottles on HY0803 in 2008 and with 5% (final concentration) acid Lugol's solution in 2009 (KN195-10) and 2010 (TN-250). In 2008, a 10 sample subset of MZ samples were fixed with 2%, 5%, and 10% acid Lugol's solution. The estimated abundance with the different strengths were compared; the abundance estimate with 10% acid Lugol's was not higher than with the 5% solution. In 2009 and 2010, we switched to 5% Lugol's since this reduces cell shrinkage and is the concentration used by the Sherr's on the spring BEST cruises.

Methodology:

Methodology_Type: Lab

Methodology_Description:

At Horn Point Laboratory we enumerated > 20 um MZ (> ~15 um when fixed with acid Lugol's) using settling slides and a Nikon Eclipse TE 2000-U inverted microscope. In our data sheets an "0" indicates <40 cells/liter. A SPOT v 4.0 RT camera and SPOT diagnostic software were used to record images and to measure cells. In accordance with earlier MZ studies in the Bering Sea, ciliates smaller than 20 um and mixotrophic dinoflagellates as well heterotrophic dinoflagellates were enumerated. Onboard, we examined "fresh" samples, either live or fixed with 1% glutaraldehyde with transmitted light and epifluorescence microscopy to look for the presence or absence of plastids. Our notes from the cruise facilitated in determination of which ciliates and dinoflagellates were photosynthetic (had chlorophyll fluorescence) and which were strictly heterotrophic (no chlorophyll fluorescence except associated with algae in food vacuoles). Separate data sheets are presented for ciliates, dinoflagellates and "other" microzooplankton.
The ciliate abundance and biomass data are presented in 5 categories. MR= Myionecta rubra (=Mesodinium rubrum). This is a photoautotrophic ciliate which consumes cryptophytes and other small prey. MO= Mixotrophic oligotrichs; these ciliates graze on phytoplankton (usually nanophytoplankton) but have chlorophyll and are also photosynthetic. Only ciliates which we observed to have chlorophyll at sea and which we could recognize as the same species in the Lugol's fixed samples are included in this category on the data sheets. Thus it is a minimum estimate of mixotrophic ciliates. OC= Oligotrich and naked choreotrich ciliates (mostly heterotrophs). This category may include a few MO that we were not able to recognize in the Lugol's samples. The ciliates in the OC category are mostly grazers. TI= Tintinnid ciliates. Other= All other ciliates.
For the ciliates from 2008, three estimates of biomass are presented in each category based on different biovolume to biomass conversion factors (CF) from the literature. The "Protist" CF is a general cell volume to carbon factor for all protists except diatoms from Menden-Deuer and Lessard (2000). The "0.19*V" is a conversion factor for ciliates fixed with 2% acid Lugol's from Putt and Stoecker (1989). This conversion factor is commonly used (for example, in the studies of Bering Sea microzooplankton by Olson and Strom 2002, Strom and Fredrickson 2008). The "0.251*V" is based on the Putt and Stoecker CF, but corrected for greater cell shrinkage in 10% than 2 % acid Lugol's solution calculated from data in Stoecker et al. (1994). In 2009 and 2010, 5% acid Lugol's was used, and thus the third estimate was (0.251*V) was not applicable. The dinoflagellate abundance and biomass data are presented in 4 categories. PD= plastidic dinoflagellates; these dinoflagellates had chlorophyll and were probably mixotrophic since most photosynthetic dinoflagellates can also graze. THD= thecate heterotrophic dinoflagellates. NTHD= non-thecate heterotrophic dinoflagellates. UNK= Dinoflagellates which we were not able to classify as plastidic or non-plastidic in the Lugol's fixed samples based on our notes from onboard observations. Biomass estimates are presented using the "protist" CF and the "Dinos" CF from Menden-Deuer and Lessard (2000). Olson and Strom (2002) and Strom and Fredrickson (2008) used 10% acid Lugol's preservation and the “Dinos” CF in their estimates of the biomass of dinoflagellates from the Bering Sea. They also included mixotrophic dinoflagellates in their total estimate.
The MZ "Other" data includes microzooplankton not identified as ciliates or dinoflagellates. It includes 3 categories. SF= silicoflagellates, OtherHP= other heterotrophic protists. Biomass estimates use the "Protist" CF and do not include crustacean microzooplankton.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Metadata record created from word document (abundance_and_biomass-mz_bs_2008-2010_rev2011Dec19.doc). New filename: B55_Stoecker_Abundance_2008-2010.xml

Process_Date: 20111221

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: National Center for Atmospheric Research

Contact_Person: Earth Observing Laboratory

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical

Address: 3450 Mitchell Lane

City: Boulder

State_or_Province: CO

Postal_Code: 80301

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-497-8154

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: codiac@ucar.edu

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: stott@ucar.edu

Distribution_Liability:

No warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the accuracy or utility of the data, nor shall the act of distribution constitute such warranty. This disclaimer applies both to individual use of the data and aggregate use with other data. It is strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with the data. The NCAR and NPRB shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein.

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File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied

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Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: <http://beringsea.eol.ucar.edu>

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File_Decompression_Technique: No compression applied

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Network_Resource_Name: <http://beringsea.eol.ucar.edu>

Fees: None

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20111219

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: National Center for Atmospheric Research

Contact_Person: Earth Observing Laboratory

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical

Address: 3450 Mitchell Lane

City: Boulder

State_or_Province: CO

Postal_Code: 80301

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 303-497-8154

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: codiac@ucar.edu

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: stott@ucar.edu

Metadata_Standard_Name:

FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999

Metadata_Access_Constraints: None

Metadata_Use_Constraints: None

Metadata_Security_Information:

Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None

Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified

Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None