ESCAPE PX1000 Mobile Radar Data

Jeffrey Snyder (jeffrey.snyder@noaa.gov)
Meteorologist
NOAA/OAR National Severe Storms Laboratory
120 David L. Boren Blvd
Norman, OK 73072
405-325-6567
---
David Bodine (bodine@ou.edu)
Research Scientist
Advanced Radar Research Center
University of Oklahoma
3190 Monitor Ave.
Norman, OK 73071
405-325-2874
---
Boonleng Cheong (boonleng@ou.edu)
Research Scientist
Advanced Radar Research Center
University of Oklahoma
3190 Monitor Ave., #114
Norman, OK 73071
405-325-3294
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Greg McFarquhar (mcfarq@ou.edu)
Director (CIWRO) and Professor (School of Meteorology)
Cooperative Institute for Severe and High-Impact Weather Research and Operations (CIWRO)
University of Oklahoma
120 David L. Boren Blvd
Norman, OK 73072
405-325-3041
---

Data Contact:  jeffrey.snyder@noaa.gov


1.0 Data Set Overview

Polarimetric weather radar data collected by PX1000 during the ESCAPE field campaign. Minimimally processed (i.e., preliminary) data are available for more rapid perusal/browsing at https://radarhub.arrc.ou.edu/archive/px1000/. 


2.0 Instrument Description

PX1000 is a transportable (trailer-mounted), X-band, polarimetric weather radar. The radar uses two solid-state amplifiers with pulse compression to achieve desired sensitivity. More technical specifications can be found in Cheong et al. (2013). 


TABLE 1. Radar parameters during ESCAPE
Center Frequency  9.550 GHz
Max Rotation Rate 180 deg./s
3 dB Beamwidth    ~1.8 deg.
Range Resolution    75 m
Range Gate Spacing  30 m

3.0 Data Collection & Processing

The radar was principally assigned to provide high-resolution RHIs (vertical cross-sections) of shallow and deep moist convection. The radar targetted individual cells, with the azimuths selected to sample the updraft(s) of targeted cells. Target update time was ~90 s. When there was not a target cell, PX1000 collected surveillance scans (volumes consisting of a series of PPIs at increasing elevation angles). Occassionally, intermittent PPIs were collected between RHI volumes to help determine which azimuths should be scanned and for situational awareness purposes. 

Radials were computed every 1 deg., which means that there was some azimuthal oversampling given the 1.8 deg. half-power beamwidth. 

Data were converted to CF/Radial using RadxConvert, as part of the LROSE Topaz release.


4.0 Data Format

Data are stored in CfRadial-compliant NetCDF format.  For the majority of cases, each file contains a radar volume, typically a set of PPIs ordered from lowest to highest elevation angle. For RHIs, some cases contain files for which there is a single RHI per file, whereas for others there are multiple RHIs per file. 

EXAMPLE file structure using "ncdump -h"

netcdf cfrad.20220616_181446.000_PX1000_v106_SUR {
dimensions:
	time = 1173 ;
	range = 665 ;
	sweep = 4 ;
	string_length_8 = 8 ;
	string_length_32 = 32 ;
	status_xml_length = 1 ;
variables:
	int volume_number ;
		volume_number:long_name = "data_volume_index_number" ;
		volume_number:units = "" ;
		volume_number:_FillValue = -9999 ;
	char platform_type(string_length_32) ;
		platform_type:long_name = "platform_type" ;
		platform_type:options = "fixed, vehicle, ship, aircraft_fore, aircraft_aft, aircraft_tail, aircraft_belly, aircraft_roof, aircraft_nose, satellite_orbit, satellite_geostat" ;
	char primary_axis(string_length_32) ;
		primary_axis:long_name = "primary_axis_of_rotation" ;
		primary_axis:options = "axis_z, axis_y, axis_x, axis_z_prime, axis_y_prime, axis_x_prime" ;
	char status_xml(status_xml_length) ;
		status_xml:long_name = "status_of_instrument" ;
	char instrument_type(string_length_32) ;
		instrument_type:long_name = "type_of_instrument" ;
		instrument_type:options = "radar, lidar" ;
		instrument_type:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	float radar_antenna_gain_h ;
		radar_antenna_gain_h:long_name = "nominal_radar_antenna_gain_h_channel" ;
		radar_antenna_gain_h:units = "db" ;
		radar_antenna_gain_h:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		radar_antenna_gain_h:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	float radar_antenna_gain_v ;
		radar_antenna_gain_v:long_name = "nominal_radar_antenna_gain_v_channel" ;
		radar_antenna_gain_v:units = "db" ;
		radar_antenna_gain_v:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		radar_antenna_gain_v:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	float radar_beam_width_h ;
		radar_beam_width_h:long_name = "half_power_radar_beam_width_h_channel" ;
		radar_beam_width_h:units = "degrees" ;
		radar_beam_width_h:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		radar_beam_width_h:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	float radar_beam_width_v ;
		radar_beam_width_v:long_name = "half_power_radar_beam_width_v_channel" ;
		radar_beam_width_v:units = "degrees" ;
		radar_beam_width_v:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		radar_beam_width_v:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	float radar_rx_bandwidth ;
		radar_rx_bandwidth:long_name = "radar_receiver_bandwidth" ;
		radar_rx_bandwidth:units = "s-1" ;
		radar_rx_bandwidth:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		radar_rx_bandwidth:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	char time_coverage_start(string_length_32) ;
		time_coverage_start:long_name = "data_volume_start_time_utc" ;
		time_coverage_start:comment = "ray times are relative to start time in secs" ;
	char time_coverage_end(string_length_32) ;
		time_coverage_end:long_name = "data_volume_end_time_utc" ;
	int grid_mapping ;
		grid_mapping:grid_mapping_name = "radar_lidar_radial_scan" ;
	double latitude ;
		latitude:long_name = "latitude" ;
		latitude:units = "degrees_north" ;
		latitude:_FillValue = -9999. ;
	double longitude ;
		longitude:long_name = "longitude" ;
		longitude:units = "degrees_east" ;
		longitude:_FillValue = -9999. ;
	double altitude ;
		altitude:long_name = "altitude" ;
		altitude:units = "meters" ;
		altitude:_FillValue = -9999. ;
		altitude:positive = "up" ;
	double altitude_agl ;
		altitude_agl:long_name = "altitude_above_ground_level" ;
		altitude_agl:units = "meters" ;
		altitude_agl:_FillValue = -9999. ;
		altitude_agl:positive = "up" ;
	int sweep_number(sweep) ;
		sweep_number:long_name = "sweep_index_number_0_based" ;
		sweep_number:units = "" ;
		sweep_number:_FillValue = -9999 ;
	char sweep_mode(sweep, string_length_32) ;
		sweep_mode:long_name = "scan_mode_for_sweep" ;
		sweep_mode:options = "sector, coplane, rhi, vertical_pointing, idle, azimuth_surveillance, elevation_surveillance, sunscan, pointing, calibration, manual_ppi, manual_rhi, sunscan_rhi, doppler_beam_swinging, complex_trajectory, electronic_steering" ;
	char polarization_mode(sweep, string_length_32) ;
		polarization_mode:long_name = "polarization_mode_for_sweep" ;
		polarization_mode:options = "horizontal, vertical, hv_alt, hv_sim, circular" ;
		polarization_mode:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	char prt_mode(sweep, string_length_32) ;
		prt_mode:long_name = "transmit_pulse_mode" ;
		prt_mode:options = "fixed, staggered, dual" ;
		prt_mode:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	char follow_mode(sweep, string_length_32) ;
		follow_mode:long_name = "follow_mode_for_scan_strategy" ;
		follow_mode:options = "none, sun, vehicle, aircraft, target, manual" ;
		follow_mode:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	float fixed_angle(sweep) ;
		fixed_angle:long_name = "ray_target_fixed_angle" ;
		fixed_angle:units = "degrees" ;
		fixed_angle:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
	float target_scan_rate(sweep) ;
		target_scan_rate:long_name = "target_scan_rate_for_sweep" ;
		target_scan_rate:units = "degrees per second" ;
		target_scan_rate:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
	int sweep_start_ray_index(sweep) ;
		sweep_start_ray_index:long_name = "index_of_first_ray_in_sweep" ;
		sweep_start_ray_index:units = "" ;
		sweep_start_ray_index:_FillValue = -9999 ;
	int sweep_end_ray_index(sweep) ;
		sweep_end_ray_index:long_name = "index_of_last_ray_in_sweep" ;
		sweep_end_ray_index:units = "" ;
		sweep_end_ray_index:_FillValue = -9999 ;
	char rays_are_indexed(sweep, string_length_8) ;
		rays_are_indexed:long_name = "flag_for_indexed_rays" ;
	float ray_angle_res(sweep) ;
		ray_angle_res:long_name = "angular_resolution_between_rays" ;
		ray_angle_res:units = "degrees" ;
		ray_angle_res:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
	double time(time) ;
		time:standard_name = "time" ;
		time:long_name = "time in seconds since volume start" ;
		time:calendar = "gregorian" ;
		time:units = "seconds since 2022-06-16T18:14:46Z" ;
		time:comment = "times are relative to the volume start_time" ;
	float range(range) ;
		range:long_name = "Range from instrument to center of gate" ;
		range:units = "meters" ;
		range:spacing_is_constant = "true" ;
		range:meters_to_center_of_first_gate = 119.999997317791 ;
		range:meters_between_gates = 119.999997317791 ;
	float ray_start_range(time) ;
		ray_start_range:long_name = "start_range_for_ray" ;
		ray_start_range:units = "meters" ;
		ray_start_range:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
	float ray_gate_spacing(time) ;
		ray_gate_spacing:long_name = "gate_spacing_for_ray" ;
		ray_gate_spacing:units = "meters" ;
		ray_gate_spacing:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
	float azimuth(time) ;
		azimuth:long_name = "ray_azimuth_angle" ;
		azimuth:units = "degrees" ;
		azimuth:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
	float elevation(time) ;
		elevation:long_name = "ray_elevation_angle" ;
		elevation:units = "degrees" ;
		elevation:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		elevation:positive = "up" ;
	float pulse_width(time) ;
		pulse_width:long_name = "transmitter_pulse_width" ;
		pulse_width:units = "seconds" ;
		pulse_width:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		pulse_width:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	float prt(time) ;
		prt:long_name = "pulse_repetition_time" ;
		prt:units = "seconds" ;
		prt:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		prt:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	float prt_ratio(time) ;
		prt_ratio:long_name = "pulse_repetition_frequency_ratio" ;
		prt_ratio:units = "seconds" ;
		prt_ratio:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		prt_ratio:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	float nyquist_velocity(time) ;
		nyquist_velocity:long_name = "unambiguous_doppler_velocity" ;
		nyquist_velocity:units = "meters per second" ;
		nyquist_velocity:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		nyquist_velocity:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	float unambiguous_range(time) ;
		unambiguous_range:long_name = "unambiguous_range" ;
		unambiguous_range:units = "meters" ;
		unambiguous_range:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		unambiguous_range:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	byte antenna_transition(time) ;
		antenna_transition:long_name = "antenna_is_in_transition_between_sweeps" ;
		antenna_transition:units = "" ;
		antenna_transition:_FillValue = -128b ;
		antenna_transition:comment = "1 if antenna is in transition, 0 otherwise" ;
	int n_samples(time) ;
		n_samples:long_name = "number_of_samples_used_to_compute_moments" ;
		n_samples:units = "" ;
		n_samples:_FillValue = -9999 ;
		n_samples:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	float measured_transmit_power_h(time) ;
		measured_transmit_power_h:long_name = "measured_radar_transmit_power_h_channel" ;
		measured_transmit_power_h:units = "dBm" ;
		measured_transmit_power_h:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		measured_transmit_power_h:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	float measured_transmit_power_v(time) ;
		measured_transmit_power_v:long_name = "measured_radar_transmit_power_v_channel" ;
		measured_transmit_power_v:units = "dBm" ;
		measured_transmit_power_v:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		measured_transmit_power_v:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	float scan_rate(time) ;
		scan_rate:long_name = "antenna_angle_scan_rate" ;
		scan_rate:units = "degrees per second" ;
		scan_rate:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		scan_rate:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	short DBZ(time, range) ;
		DBZ:long_name = "reflectivity" ;
		DBZ:standard_name = "equivalent_reflectivity_factor" ;
		DBZ:units = "dBZ" ;
		DBZ:sampling_ratio = 1.f ;
		DBZ:_FillValue = -32768s ;
		DBZ:scale_factor = 0.01f ;
		DBZ:add_offset = 0.f ;
		DBZ:grid_mapping = "grid_mapping" ;
		DBZ:coordinates = "time range" ;
	short VEL(time, range) ;
		VEL:long_name = "doppler_velocity" ;
		VEL:standard_name = "radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument" ;
		VEL:units = "m/s" ;
		VEL:sampling_ratio = 1.f ;
		VEL:_FillValue = -32768s ;
		VEL:scale_factor = 0.01f ;
		VEL:add_offset = 0.f ;
		VEL:grid_mapping = "grid_mapping" ;
		VEL:coordinates = "time range" ;
	short WIDTH(time, range) ;
		WIDTH:long_name = "spectrum_width" ;
		WIDTH:standard_name = "doppler_spectrum_width" ;
		WIDTH:units = "m/s" ;
		WIDTH:sampling_ratio = 1.f ;
		WIDTH:_FillValue = -32768s ;
		WIDTH:scale_factor = 0.01f ;
		WIDTH:add_offset = 0.f ;
		WIDTH:grid_mapping = "grid_mapping" ;
		WIDTH:coordinates = "time range" ;
	short ZDR(time, range) ;
		ZDR:long_name = "differential_reflectivity" ;
		ZDR:standard_name = "log_differential_reflectivity_hv" ;
		ZDR:units = "dB" ;
		ZDR:sampling_ratio = 1.f ;
		ZDR:_FillValue = -32768s ;
		ZDR:scale_factor = 0.01f ;
		ZDR:add_offset = 0.f ;
		ZDR:grid_mapping = "grid_mapping" ;
		ZDR:coordinates = "time range" ;
	short RHOHV(time, range) ;
		RHOHV:long_name = "cross_correlation_ratio" ;
		RHOHV:standard_name = "cross_correlation_ratio_hv" ;
		RHOHV:units = "none" ;
		RHOHV:sampling_ratio = 1.f ;
		RHOHV:_FillValue = -32768s ;
		RHOHV:scale_factor = 0.001f ;
		RHOHV:add_offset = 0.f ;
		RHOHV:grid_mapping = "grid_mapping" ;
		RHOHV:coordinates = "time range" ;
	short PHIDP(time, range) ;
		PHIDP:long_name = "differential_phase" ;
		PHIDP:standard_name = "differential_phase_hv" ;
		PHIDP:units = "deg" ;
		PHIDP:sampling_ratio = 1.f ;
		PHIDP:_FillValue = -32768s ;
		PHIDP:scale_factor = 0.01f ;
		PHIDP:add_offset = 0.f ;
		PHIDP:grid_mapping = "grid_mapping" ;
		PHIDP:coordinates = "time range" ;

// global attributes:
		:Conventions = "CF-1.7" ;
		:Sub_conventions = "CF-Radial instrument_parameters radar_parameters platform_velocity" ;
		:version = "CF-Radial-1.3" ;
		:title = "ESCAPE" ;
		:institution = "University of Oklahoma" ;
		:references = "Cheong et al. (2013)" ;
		:source = "" ;
		:history = "" ;
		:comment = "Preliminary QC includes Z & ZDR calibration and azimuthal rotation correction" ;
		:author = "PIs: Jeffrey Snyder (NSSL; jeffrey.snyder@noaa.gov), David Bodine (OU; bodine@ou.edu), Greg McFarquhar (OU; mcfarq@ou.edu)" ;
		:original_format = "CFRADIAL" ;
		:driver = "RadxConvert(NCAR)" ;
		:created = "2023/01/12 20:31:55.727" ;
		:start_datetime = "2022-06-16T18:14:46Z" ;
		:time_coverage_start = "2022-06-16T18:14:46Z" ;
		:start_time = "2022-06-16 18:14:46.000" ;
		:end_datetime = "2022-06-16T18:15:46Z" ;
		:time_coverage_end = "2022-06-16T18:15:46Z" ;
		:end_time = "2022-06-16 18:15:46.000" ;
		:instrument_name = "PX1000" ;
		:site_name = "E1" ;
		:scan_name = "" ;
		:scan_id = 0 ;
		:platform_is_mobile = "true" ;
		:n_gates_vary = "false" ;
		:ray_times_increase = "true" ;
}


EXAMPLE RHI VOLUME using "ncdump -h"

netcdf cfrad.20220616_181652.000_PX1000_v107_RHI {
dimensions:
	time = 14391 ;
	range = 1330 ;
	sweep = 352 ;
	string_length_8 = 8 ;
	string_length_32 = 32 ;
	status_xml_length = 1 ;
variables:
	int volume_number ;
		volume_number:long_name = "data_volume_index_number" ;
		volume_number:units = "" ;
		volume_number:_FillValue = -9999 ;
	char platform_type(string_length_32) ;
		platform_type:long_name = "platform_type" ;
		platform_type:options = "fixed, vehicle, ship, aircraft_fore, aircraft_aft, aircraft_tail, aircraft_belly, aircraft_roof, aircraft_nose, satellite_orbit, satellite_geostat" ;
	char primary_axis(string_length_32) ;
		primary_axis:long_name = "primary_axis_of_rotation" ;
		primary_axis:options = "axis_z, axis_y, axis_x, axis_z_prime, axis_y_prime, axis_x_prime" ;
	char status_xml(status_xml_length) ;
		status_xml:long_name = "status_of_instrument" ;
	char instrument_type(string_length_32) ;
		instrument_type:long_name = "type_of_instrument" ;
		instrument_type:options = "radar, lidar" ;
		instrument_type:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	float radar_antenna_gain_h ;
		radar_antenna_gain_h:long_name = "nominal_radar_antenna_gain_h_channel" ;
		radar_antenna_gain_h:units = "db" ;
		radar_antenna_gain_h:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		radar_antenna_gain_h:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	float radar_antenna_gain_v ;
		radar_antenna_gain_v:long_name = "nominal_radar_antenna_gain_v_channel" ;
		radar_antenna_gain_v:units = "db" ;
		radar_antenna_gain_v:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		radar_antenna_gain_v:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	float radar_beam_width_h ;
		radar_beam_width_h:long_name = "half_power_radar_beam_width_h_channel" ;
		radar_beam_width_h:units = "degrees" ;
		radar_beam_width_h:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		radar_beam_width_h:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	float radar_beam_width_v ;
		radar_beam_width_v:long_name = "half_power_radar_beam_width_v_channel" ;
		radar_beam_width_v:units = "degrees" ;
		radar_beam_width_v:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		radar_beam_width_v:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	float radar_rx_bandwidth ;
		radar_rx_bandwidth:long_name = "radar_receiver_bandwidth" ;
		radar_rx_bandwidth:units = "s-1" ;
		radar_rx_bandwidth:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		radar_rx_bandwidth:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	char time_coverage_start(string_length_32) ;
		time_coverage_start:long_name = "data_volume_start_time_utc" ;
		time_coverage_start:comment = "ray times are relative to start time in secs" ;
	char time_coverage_end(string_length_32) ;
		time_coverage_end:long_name = "data_volume_end_time_utc" ;
	int grid_mapping ;
		grid_mapping:grid_mapping_name = "radar_lidar_radial_scan" ;
	double latitude ;
		latitude:long_name = "latitude" ;
		latitude:units = "degrees_north" ;
		latitude:_FillValue = -9999. ;
	double longitude ;
		longitude:long_name = "longitude" ;
		longitude:units = "degrees_east" ;
		longitude:_FillValue = -9999. ;
	double altitude ;
		altitude:long_name = "altitude" ;
		altitude:units = "meters" ;
		altitude:_FillValue = -9999. ;
		altitude:positive = "up" ;
	double altitude_agl ;
		altitude_agl:long_name = "altitude_above_ground_level" ;
		altitude_agl:units = "meters" ;
		altitude_agl:_FillValue = -9999. ;
		altitude_agl:positive = "up" ;
	int sweep_number(sweep) ;
		sweep_number:long_name = "sweep_index_number_0_based" ;
		sweep_number:units = "" ;
		sweep_number:_FillValue = -9999 ;
	char sweep_mode(sweep, string_length_32) ;
		sweep_mode:long_name = "scan_mode_for_sweep" ;
		sweep_mode:options = "sector, coplane, rhi, vertical_pointing, idle, azimuth_surveillance, elevation_surveillance, sunscan, pointing, calibration, manual_ppi, manual_rhi, sunscan_rhi, doppler_beam_swinging, complex_trajectory, electronic_steering" ;
	char polarization_mode(sweep, string_length_32) ;
		polarization_mode:long_name = "polarization_mode_for_sweep" ;
		polarization_mode:options = "horizontal, vertical, hv_alt, hv_sim, circular" ;
		polarization_mode:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	char prt_mode(sweep, string_length_32) ;
		prt_mode:long_name = "transmit_pulse_mode" ;
		prt_mode:options = "fixed, staggered, dual" ;
		prt_mode:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	char follow_mode(sweep, string_length_32) ;
		follow_mode:long_name = "follow_mode_for_scan_strategy" ;
		follow_mode:options = "none, sun, vehicle, aircraft, target, manual" ;
		follow_mode:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	float fixed_angle(sweep) ;
		fixed_angle:long_name = "ray_target_fixed_angle" ;
		fixed_angle:units = "degrees" ;
		fixed_angle:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
	float target_scan_rate(sweep) ;
		target_scan_rate:long_name = "target_scan_rate_for_sweep" ;
		target_scan_rate:units = "degrees per second" ;
		target_scan_rate:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
	int sweep_start_ray_index(sweep) ;
		sweep_start_ray_index:long_name = "index_of_first_ray_in_sweep" ;
		sweep_start_ray_index:units = "" ;
		sweep_start_ray_index:_FillValue = -9999 ;
	int sweep_end_ray_index(sweep) ;
		sweep_end_ray_index:long_name = "index_of_last_ray_in_sweep" ;
		sweep_end_ray_index:units = "" ;
		sweep_end_ray_index:_FillValue = -9999 ;
	char rays_are_indexed(sweep, string_length_8) ;
		rays_are_indexed:long_name = "flag_for_indexed_rays" ;
	float ray_angle_res(sweep) ;
		ray_angle_res:long_name = "angular_resolution_between_rays" ;
		ray_angle_res:units = "degrees" ;
		ray_angle_res:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
	double time(time) ;
		time:standard_name = "time" ;
		time:long_name = "time in seconds since volume start" ;
		time:calendar = "gregorian" ;
		time:units = "seconds since 2022-06-16T18:16:52Z" ;
		time:comment = "times are relative to the volume start_time" ;
	float range(range) ;
		range:long_name = "Range from instrument to center of gate" ;
		range:units = "meters" ;
		range:spacing_is_constant = "true" ;
		range:meters_to_center_of_first_gate = 59.9999986588955 ;
		range:meters_between_gates = 59.9999986588955 ;
	float ray_start_range(time) ;
		ray_start_range:long_name = "start_range_for_ray" ;
		ray_start_range:units = "meters" ;
		ray_start_range:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
	float ray_gate_spacing(time) ;
		ray_gate_spacing:long_name = "gate_spacing_for_ray" ;
		ray_gate_spacing:units = "meters" ;
		ray_gate_spacing:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
	float azimuth(time) ;
		azimuth:long_name = "ray_azimuth_angle" ;
		azimuth:units = "degrees" ;
		azimuth:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
	float elevation(time) ;
		elevation:long_name = "ray_elevation_angle" ;
		elevation:units = "degrees" ;
		elevation:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		elevation:positive = "up" ;
	float pulse_width(time) ;
		pulse_width:long_name = "transmitter_pulse_width" ;
		pulse_width:units = "seconds" ;
		pulse_width:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		pulse_width:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	float prt(time) ;
		prt:long_name = "pulse_repetition_time" ;
		prt:units = "seconds" ;
		prt:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		prt:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	float prt_ratio(time) ;
		prt_ratio:long_name = "pulse_repetition_frequency_ratio" ;
		prt_ratio:units = "seconds" ;
		prt_ratio:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		prt_ratio:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	float nyquist_velocity(time) ;
		nyquist_velocity:long_name = "unambiguous_doppler_velocity" ;
		nyquist_velocity:units = "meters per second" ;
		nyquist_velocity:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		nyquist_velocity:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	float unambiguous_range(time) ;
		unambiguous_range:long_name = "unambiguous_range" ;
		unambiguous_range:units = "meters" ;
		unambiguous_range:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		unambiguous_range:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	byte antenna_transition(time) ;
		antenna_transition:long_name = "antenna_is_in_transition_between_sweeps" ;
		antenna_transition:units = "" ;
		antenna_transition:_FillValue = -128b ;
		antenna_transition:comment = "1 if antenna is in transition, 0 otherwise" ;
	int n_samples(time) ;
		n_samples:long_name = "number_of_samples_used_to_compute_moments" ;
		n_samples:units = "" ;
		n_samples:_FillValue = -9999 ;
		n_samples:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	float measured_transmit_power_h(time) ;
		measured_transmit_power_h:long_name = "measured_radar_transmit_power_h_channel" ;
		measured_transmit_power_h:units = "dBm" ;
		measured_transmit_power_h:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		measured_transmit_power_h:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	float measured_transmit_power_v(time) ;
		measured_transmit_power_v:long_name = "measured_radar_transmit_power_v_channel" ;
		measured_transmit_power_v:units = "dBm" ;
		measured_transmit_power_v:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		measured_transmit_power_v:meta_group = "radar_parameters" ;
	float scan_rate(time) ;
		scan_rate:long_name = "antenna_angle_scan_rate" ;
		scan_rate:units = "degrees per second" ;
		scan_rate:_FillValue = -9999.f ;
		scan_rate:meta_group = "instrument_parameters" ;
	short DBZ(time, range) ;
		DBZ:long_name = "reflectivity" ;
		DBZ:standard_name = "equivalent_reflectivity_factor" ;
		DBZ:units = "dBZ" ;
		DBZ:sampling_ratio = 1.f ;
		DBZ:_FillValue = -32768s ;
		DBZ:scale_factor = 0.01f ;
		DBZ:add_offset = 0.f ;
		DBZ:grid_mapping = "grid_mapping" ;
		DBZ:coordinates = "time range" ;
	short VEL(time, range) ;
		VEL:long_name = "doppler_velocity" ;
		VEL:standard_name = "radial_velocity_of_scatterers_away_from_instrument" ;
		VEL:units = "m/s" ;
		VEL:sampling_ratio = 1.f ;
		VEL:_FillValue = -32768s ;
		VEL:scale_factor = 0.01f ;
		VEL:add_offset = 0.f ;
		VEL:grid_mapping = "grid_mapping" ;
		VEL:coordinates = "time range" ;
	short WIDTH(time, range) ;
		WIDTH:long_name = "spectrum_width" ;
		WIDTH:standard_name = "doppler_spectrum_width" ;
		WIDTH:units = "m/s" ;
		WIDTH:sampling_ratio = 1.f ;
		WIDTH:_FillValue = -32768s ;
		WIDTH:scale_factor = 0.01f ;
		WIDTH:add_offset = 0.f ;
		WIDTH:grid_mapping = "grid_mapping" ;
		WIDTH:coordinates = "time range" ;
	short ZDR(time, range) ;
		ZDR:long_name = "differential_reflectivity" ;
		ZDR:standard_name = "log_differential_reflectivity_hv" ;
		ZDR:units = "dB" ;
		ZDR:sampling_ratio = 1.f ;
		ZDR:_FillValue = -32768s ;
		ZDR:scale_factor = 0.01f ;
		ZDR:add_offset = 0.f ;
		ZDR:grid_mapping = "grid_mapping" ;
		ZDR:coordinates = "time range" ;
	short RHOHV(time, range) ;
		RHOHV:long_name = "cross_correlation_ratio" ;
		RHOHV:standard_name = "cross_correlation_ratio_hv" ;
		RHOHV:units = "none" ;
		RHOHV:sampling_ratio = 1.f ;
		RHOHV:_FillValue = -32768s ;
		RHOHV:scale_factor = 0.001f ;
		RHOHV:add_offset = 0.f ;
		RHOHV:grid_mapping = "grid_mapping" ;
		RHOHV:coordinates = "time range" ;
	short PHIDP(time, range) ;
		PHIDP:long_name = "differential_phase" ;
		PHIDP:standard_name = "differential_phase_hv" ;
		PHIDP:units = "deg" ;
		PHIDP:sampling_ratio = 1.f ;
		PHIDP:_FillValue = -32768s ;
		PHIDP:scale_factor = 0.01f ;
		PHIDP:add_offset = 0.f ;
		PHIDP:grid_mapping = "grid_mapping" ;
		PHIDP:coordinates = "time range" ;

// global attributes:
		:Conventions = "CF-1.7" ;
		:Sub_conventions = "CF-Radial instrument_parameters radar_parameters platform_velocity" ;
		:version = "CF-Radial-1.3" ;
		:title = "ESCAPE" ;
		:institution = "University of Oklahoma" ;
		:references = "Cheong et al. (2013)" ;
		:source = "" ;
		:history = "" ;
		:comment = "Preliminary QC includes Z & ZDR calibration and azimuthal rotation correction" ;
		:author = "PIs: Jeffrey Snyder (NSSL; jeffrey.snyder@noaa.gov), David Bodine (OU; bodine@ou.edu), Greg McFarquhar (OU; mcfarq@ou.edu)" ;
		:original_format = "CFRADIAL" ;
		:driver = "RadxConvert(NCAR)" ;
		:created = "2023/01/12 20:32:08.533" ;
		:start_datetime = "2022-06-16T18:16:52Z" ;
		:time_coverage_start = "2022-06-16T18:16:52Z" ;
		:start_time = "2022-06-16 18:16:52.000" ;
		:end_datetime = "2022-06-16T19:42:04Z" ;
		:time_coverage_end = "2022-06-16T19:42:04Z" ;
		:end_time = "2022-06-16 19:42:04.000" ;
		:instrument_name = "PX1000" ;
		:site_name = "E1" ;
		:scan_name = "" ;
		:scan_id = 0 ;
		:platform_is_mobile = "true" ;
		:n_gates_vary = "false" ;
		:ray_times_increase = "true" ;
}


5.0 Data Remarks

There are rare DQ issues (e.g., anomalously prominent range sidelobes, etc.) that are caused by unknown, unexpected behaviors in the transmit waveform. These will be obvious to most users of these data. 

6.0 References

Cheong, B. L., R. Kelley, R. D. Palmer, Y. Zhang, M. Yeary, and T.-Y. Yu, 2013: PX-1000: A solid-state polarimetric X-band weather radar and time-frequency multiplexed waveform for blind range mitigation. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Measure., 62, 3064–3072. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2013.2270046