Overview:

TRMM-LBA occurred in the southwestern Brazilian
Amazon (13°–9°S, 64°–60°W; Fig. 2b) in January and
February 1999 and was organized to observe convective
processes over a tropical continent and how these pro-
cesses relate to TRMM satellite retrievals (Silva Dias et
al. 2002). Many of the published results from TRMM-LBA 
stress differences in convective systems between the easterly and
westerly low-level wind regimes as measured in the
southwest Amazon. During the easterly regime, convective 
systems had more intense convection and higher ice-scattering 
signatures and produced more lightning. During the westerly 
regime, convective cells were weaker and relatively more 
stratiform rain was produced, ice-scattering signatures 
decreased, and lightning occurred less frequently. 

Period of soundings:

Location of soundings:

enhanced sites:

                 ID   lat     lon.  elev  # sondes

Rebio-Jaru       RJ  10.14S  61.91W  130    220
Rolim de Moura   RM  11.70S  61.78W  225    192
Abracos Hill     AH  10.75S  62.37W  293    320
Rancho Grande    RG  10.28S  62.72W  196     90


operational sites in the vicinty of enhanced network:

station name     wmo      lat.    lon.   elev  # of  sonde
                 code                         sondes type

Belem           82193    1.39S  48.48W    16   111   Vaisala 
Manaus          82332    3.15S  59.98W    84   107   Vaisala 
Porto Velho     82824    8.77S  63.92W   102   103   Vaisala 
Alta Floresta   82965    9.87S  56.10W   288    81   Vaisala 
Vilhena         83208   12.73S  60.10W   652    78   Vaisala 
Cuiaba          83362   15.56S  56.10W   182    49   Vaisala 
Brazilia        83378   15.87S  47.93W  1061    80   Vaisala 
Santa Cruz      sacz0   17.66S  63.12W   373    35   PACS site


reference: 

Schumacher, C., M.H. Zhang, and P.E. Ciesielski, 2007: Heating 
structures of the TRMM field campaigns. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2593-2610.