DYNAMO R/V Sagar Kanya L3 Radiosonde Data

1.0 General Description

This is one of the upper air data sets developed for the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) 2011-2012 project. This preliminary data set includes 71 high vertical resolution (2-second) radiosonde soundings from the R/V Sagar Kanya. The soundings were typically released four times per day at 00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC from 25 September to 10 October 2011 and less frequent releases continuing through 19 October 2011. These soundings were provided by JAMSTEC and had preliminarly quality control by NCAR/EOL. This L3 version of the data set has had a daytime radiation dry bias correction applied by CSU. An L3.1 version of this data set will be available later with an additional correction applied for deck heating effects.

1.1 Data Set Contact

Scot Loehrer
NCAR/EOL
loehrer@ucar.edu

2.1 Detailed Site Information

The following information was provided by Kunio Yoneyama (JAMSTEC) about the R/V Sagar Kanya release site.

Sonde Type         : Vaisala RS92-SGPD
Processor          : DigiCORA III / MW31 (software: ver. 3.61)
Ground check       : Vaisala GC25 for T/RH
                     Theodor Friedrichs (type No. 5020)  for pressure
Sounding mode      : Operational mode (auto editing)
Data archive       : ASCII  (*.tsv)
                     Binary (*.dc3db)
Balloon            : TOTEX TA-200
Observation
  area & period    : (EQ, 80.5E)   06Z 25 Sept. - 06Z 03 Oct. 2011
                     (EQ, 83.0E)   06Z 04 Oct.  - 00Z 11 Oct. 2011
                     (5S-5N, 83E)  00Z 12 Oct.  - 00Z 19 Oct. 2011

ORV Sagar Kanya information:
L x B x D          : 100.34 m x 16.39 m x 5.60 m
Gross tonnage      : 4,209 tons
Call sign          : VTJR
Cruise period      : Departure  21 Sept. 2011
                     Arrival    25 Oct. 2011
                     (35 days)
Remarks

1) Radiosonde was launched from 10 to 12 meter above MSL.
2) Surface values were taken from Not from automated weather station.
      Temperature, wind speed and wind direction from surface met kit provided by Dynalab, Pune, India.
      Relative humidity from Kestrel 4500 pocket weather tracker.
      Pressure from Theodor Friedrichs (type No. 5020)
   The instruments were operated from the fore deck at about 12m above MSL.

Contact Point

Dr. P. M. Muraleedharan (murali@nio.org)

2.0 Detailed Data Description

2.1 Detailed Format Description

All upper air soundings were converted to National Center for Atmospheric Research/Earth Observing Laboratory (NCAR/EOL) Sounding Composite Format (ESC). ESC is a version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) CLASS format and is an ASCII format consisting of 15 header records for each sounding followed by the data records with associated QC information.

Header Records

The header records (15 total records) contain data type, project ID, site ID, site location, release time, sonde type, and meteorological and wind data processors. The first five header lines contain information identifying the sounding, and have a rigidly defined form. The following 7 header lines are used for auxiliary information and comments about the sounding, and may vary from dataset to dataset. The last 3 header records contain header information for the data columns. Line 13 holds the field names, line 14 the field units, and line 15 contains dashes ('-' characters) delineating the extent of the field.

The five standard header lines are as follows:

LineLabel (padded to 35 char)Contents
1Data Type:Description of type and resolution of data.
2Project ID:Id of weather project.
3Release Site Type/Site ID:Description of the release site.
4Release Location (lon,lat,alt):Position of release site in the format described below.
5UTC Release Time (y,m,d,h,m,s):Time of release, in the format: yyyy, mm, dd, hh:mm:ss

The release location is given as: lon (deg min), lat (deg min), lon (dec. deg), lat (dec. deg), alt (m)

Longitude in deg min is in the format: ddd mm.mm'W where ddd is the number of degrees from True North (with leading zeros if necessary), mm.mm is the decimal number of minutes, and W represents W or E for west or east longitude, respectively. Latitude has the same format as longitude, except there are only two digits for degrees and N or S for north/south latitude. The decimal equivalent of longitude and latitude and station elevation follow.

The seven non-standard header lines may contain any label and contents. The labels are padded to 35 characters to match the standard header lines. Records for this dataset include the following non-standard header lines.

LineLabel (padded to 35 char)Contents
6Sonde Id/Sonde Type:G0930054/Vaisala RS92-SGPD with GPS windfinding
7Ground Station Software:Digicora III/MW31/ver3.61 or older
8  
9  
10  
11  
12Nominal Release Time (y,m,d,h,m,s):Nominal time of release, in the format: yyyy, mm, dd, hh:mm:ss

Data Records

The data records each contain time from release, pressure, temperature, dew point, relative humidity, U and V wind components, wind speed and direction, ascent rate, balloon position data, altitude, and quality control flags (see the QC code description). Each data line contains 21 fields, separated by spaces, with a total width of 130 characters. The data are right-justified within the fields. All fields have one decimal place of precision, with the exception of latitude and longitude, which have three decimal places of precision. The contents and sizes of the 21 fields that appear in each data record are as follows:

Field No.WidthFormatParameterUnitsMissing Value
16F6.1TimeSeconds9999.0
26F6.1PressureMillibars9999.0
35F5.1Dry-bulb TemperatureDegrees C999.0
45F5.1Dew Point TemperatureDegrees C999.0
55F5.1Relative HumidityPercent999.0
66F6.1U Wind ComponentMeters / Second9999.0
76F6.1V Wind ComponentMeters / Second9999.0
85F5.1Wind SpeedMeters / Second999.0
95F5.1Wind DirectionDegrees999.0
105F5.1Ascent RateMeters / Second999.0
118F8.3LongitudeDegrees9999.0
127F7.3LatitudeDegrees999.0
135F5.1Elevation AngleDegrees999.0
145F5.1Azimuth AngleDegrees999.0
157F7.1AltitudeMeters99999.0
164F4.1QC for PressureCode (see below)99.0
174F4.1QC for TemperatureCode (see below)99.0
184F4.1QC for HumidityCode (see below)99.0
194F4.1QC for U Wind ComponentCode (see below)99.0
204F4.1QC for V Wind ComponentCode (see below)99.0
214F4.1QC for Ascension RateCode (see below)99.0

Fields 16 through 21 contain the Quality Control information derived at the NCAR Earth Observing Laboratory (NCAR/EOL). Any QC information from the original sounding is replaced by the following EOL codes:

CodeDescription
99.0Unchecked (QC information is "missing.") ("UNCHECKED")
1.0Checked, datum seems physically reasonable. ("GOOD")
2.0Checked, datum seems questionable on physical basis. ("MAYBE")
3.0Checked, datum seems to be in error. ("BAD")
4.0Checked, datum is interpolated. ("ESTIMATED")
9.0Checked, datum was missing in original file. ("MISSING")

Sample Data

The following is a sample record of DYNAMO R/V Sagar Kanya High Resolution Radiosonde sounding data in ESC format. The data portion is much longer than 80 characters and, therefore, wraps around to a second line. See section 2.1 for an exact format specification.

Data Type:                         R/V Sagar Kanya/Ascending
Project ID:                        DYNAMO
Release Site Type/Site ID:         R/V Sagar Kanya/VTJR
Release Location (lon,lat,alt):    080 30.60'E, 00 00.00'N, 80.510, 0.000, 10.0
UTC Release Time (y,m,d,h,m,s):    2011, 09, 25, 06:00:00
Sonde Id/Sonde Type:               G0930054/Vaisala RS92-SGPD with GPS windfinding
Ground Station Software:           Digicora III/MW31/ver3.61 or older
/
/
/
/
Nominal Release Time (y,m,d,h,m,s):2011, 09, 25, 06:00:00
 Time  Press  Temp  Dewpt  RH    Ucmp   Vcmp   spd   dir   Wcmp     Lon     Lat    Ele   Azi   Alt    Qp   Qt   Qrh  Qu   Qv   QdZ
  sec    mb     C     C     %     m/s    m/s   m/s   deg   m/s      deg     deg    deg   deg    m    code code code code code code
------ ------ ----- ----- ----- ------ ------ ----- ----- ----- -------- ------- ----- ----- ------- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ----
   0.0 1011.9  30.4  23.4  67.0    0.7   -1.0   1.2 327.0 999.0   80.510   0.000 999.0 147.0    10.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0  9.0
   2.0 1010.9  28.4  21.9  68.0    0.8    0.8   1.1 224.0   4.5   80.510   0.000 999.0  98.0    19.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0
   4.0 1009.6  28.2  22.2  69.0    0.5    1.0   1.2 206.0   5.5   80.510   0.000 999.0  59.0    30.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0
   6.0 1008.3  28.1  22.2  71.0    0.6    1.0   1.2 211.0   6.0   80.510   0.000 999.0  46.0    42.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0
   8.0 1006.9  28.0  22.4  71.0    0.6    1.1   1.2 210.0   6.0   80.510   0.000 999.0  41.0    54.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0
  10.0 1005.5  27.9  22.5  72.0    0.6    1.1   1.2 209.0   6.5   80.510   0.000 999.0  38.0    67.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0
  12.0 1003.9  27.7  22.5  73.0    0.6    1.0   1.2 208.0   7.0   80.510   0.000 999.0  36.0    81.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0
  14.0 1002.1  27.6  22.5  74.0    0.5    1.0   1.1 209.0   7.5   80.510   0.000 999.0  35.0    96.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0
  16.0 1000.7  27.5  22.6  75.0    0.5    0.9   1.1 210.0   6.5   80.510   0.000 999.0  34.0   109.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0
  18.0  999.2  27.5  22.6  75.0    0.5    0.8   1.0 213.0   6.5   80.510   0.000 999.0  34.0   122.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0
  20.0  997.8  27.2  22.5  75.0    0.6    0.7   0.9 218.0   6.5   80.510   0.000 999.0  34.0   135.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0
  22.0  996.5  27.1  22.5  76.0    0.6    0.6   0.8 225.0   6.0   80.510   0.000 999.0  35.0   147.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0
  24.0  995.3  26.9  22.5  77.0    0.7    0.5   0.8 234.0   5.5   80.510   0.000 999.0  36.0   158.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0
  26.0  993.8  26.8  22.5  77.0    0.7    0.4   0.8 244.0   6.0   80.510   0.000 999.0  37.0   170.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0

2.2 Data Remarks

A daytime radiation dry bias correction is applied to soundings collected during daytime. The correction is adopted from Wang et al. (2012) and is a function of pressure, temperature, humidity and the solar elevation angle. The soundings that have had the correction applied are noted in the header Sonde Id/Sonde Type record with the text: "humidity corrected using NRBC (Wang et al. 2012)" This L3 version of the data set was released 19 February 2013.

2.3 Station List

ID SITE COUNTRY LONG LAT ELEV (m)
VTJR R/V Sagar Kanya India Mobile Mobile 10.0
R/V Sagar Kanya released radiosondes from two primary locations during DYNAMO. From 25 September to 1200 UTC 5 October 2011 it released soundings from 80.510E and 0.00N. From 1800 UTC 5 October to 10 October 2011 it released soundings from 83.000E and 0.00N. Then from 12-19 October 2011 it released soundings along 83E first from 1S to 5S and then from 1N to 5N. During DYNAMO R/V Sagar Kanya utilized Vaisala RS92-SGPD radiosondes with GPS windfinding. The ground station equipment was Digicora III/MW31/ver3.61 or older.

3.0 Quality Control Processing

This dataset underwent an automated QC process. The dataset underwent internal consistency checks which included two types of checks, gross limit checks on all parameters and rate-of-change checks on temperature, pressure and ascension rate. Some further information on the QC processing conducted by NCAR/EOL can be found in Loehrer et al. (1996) and Loehrer et al. (1998).

3.1 Gross Limit Checks

These checks were conducted on each sounding and data were automatically flagged as appropriate. Only the data point under examination was flagged. NCAR/EOL conducted the following gross limit checks on the DYNAMO 2011 R/V Sagar Kanya sounding dataset. In the table P = pressure, T = temperature, RH = relative humidity, U = U wind component, V = V wind component, B = bad, and Q = questionable.

ParameterGross Limit CheckParameter(s) FlaggedFlag Applied
Pressure < 0 mb or > 1050 mb PB
Altitude < 0 m or > 40000 m P, T, RHQ
Temperature < -90 °C or > 45 °C TT
Dew Point < -99.9 °C or > 33 °C
> Temperature
RH
T, RH
Q
Q
Relative Humidity < 0% or > 100% RHB
Wind Speed < 0 m/s or > 100 m/s
> 150 m/s
U, V
U, V
Q
B
U Wind Component < 0 m/s or > 100 m/s
> 150 m/s
U
U
Q
B
V Wind Component < 0 m/s or > 100 m/s
> 150 m/s
V
V
Q
B
Wind Direction < 0° or > 360° U, VB
Ascent Rate < -10 m/s or > 10 m/s P, T, RHQ

3.2 Vertical Consistency Checks

These checks were conducted on each sounding and data were automatically flagged as appropriate. These checks were started at the lowest level of the sounding and compared neighboring 2-sec data points (except at pressures less than 100 mb where 30-sec average values were used). In the case of checks ensuring that the values increased/decreased as expected, only the data point under examination was flagged. However, for the other checks, all of the data points used in the examination were flagged. All items within the table are as previously defined.

ParameterVertical Consitency CheckParameter(s) FlaggedFlag Applied
Time decreasing / equal NoneNone
Altitude decreasing / equal P, T, RHQ
Pressure increasing / equal
> 1 mb/s or < -1 mb/s
> 2 mb/s or < -2 mb/s
P, T, RH
P, T, RH
P, T, RH
Q
Q
B
Temperature < -15 °C/km
< -30 °C/km
> 50 °C/km (not applied at p < 250 mb)
>100 °C/km (not applied at p < 2 50 mb)
P, T, RH
P, T, RH
P, T, RH
P, T, RH
Q
B
Q
B
Ascent Rate change of > 3 m/s or & lt; -3 m/s
change of > 5 m/s or < -5 m/s
P
P
Q
B

3.3 Visual Quality Checks

Each sounding was visually examined for data quality issues. Any issues found were flagged in the data file and/or noted in Section 3.4.

3.4 Data Quality Issues

4.0 References

Loehrer, S. M., T. A. Edmands, and J. A. Moore, 1996: TOGA COARE upper-air sounding data archive: development and quality control procedures. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 2651-2671.

Loehrer, S. M., S. F. Williams, and J. A. Moore, 1998: Results from UCAR/JOSS quality control of atmospheric soundings from field projects. Preprints, Tenth Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, Phoenix, AZ, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 1-6.

Wang, J., L. Zhang, A. Dai, F. Immler, M. Sommer and H. Voemel, 2012: Radiation dry bias correction of Vaisala RS92 humidity data and its impacts on historical radiosonde data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., accepted.