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Earth Observing Laboratory
Field Data Archive

Dataset List

    14583 datasets found (100 shown). Full dataset descriptions and data access links are available by selecting the dataset title.
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    Dataset Projects Responsible parties Version/Date
    This data set contains aerosol sampling data for major oxygenated organic compounds. The aeorsol particles were collected on quartz fiber filters using a high volume air sampler during the ACE ASIA cruise of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown.
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains aerosol gravimetric analysis of mass, using 2-stage multi-jet cascade impactors, taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the tab delimited (.acf) data files. Data can also be...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains aerosol gravimetric analysis of mass, using 2-stage multi-jet cascade impactors, taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains netCDF data files. Data can also be downloaded in a tab...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-26
    This dataset consists of extinction profile data including height of uppermost aerosol layer, top of marine boundary layer, aerosol optical depths, extinction profiles, latitude and longitude, every 30 minutes.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This dataset contains aerosol light absorption measurements at 550nm using a Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the tab delimited (.acf) data files. Data...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains aerosol light absorption measurements at 550nm using a Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the netCDF data files. Data can also be...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-26
    This dataset contains measurements of aerosol light scattering and backscattering as a function of relative humidity (RH) for RH between ~40 and 85%. The light scattering measurements are at wavelengths of 450, 550, and 700nm and alternating between...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2002-08-30
    This dataset contains particle number-size distribution measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in comma delimited format. However, the same dataset can also be ordered in an tab...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains particle number-size distribution measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in tab delimited ASCII format. However, the same dataset can also be ordered in a comma...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains particle number-size distribution measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in comma delimited format. However, the same dataset can also be ordered in a tab...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains particle number-size distribution measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in tab delimited ASCII format. However, the same dataset can also be ordered in a comma...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains particle number-size distribution measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in comma delimited format. However, the same dataset can also be ordered in a tab...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains particle number-size distribution measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in tab delimited ASCII format. However, the same dataset can also be ordered in a comma...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains particle number size distributions (30-minute averages) collected during the INDOEX time period at wet measurement RH (approximately 55%) from the Ship R/V Ronald H. Brown.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This dataset contains particle number size distributions (30-minute averages) collected during the INDOEX time period at dry measurement RH (10%) from the Ship R/V Ronald H. Brown.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This data set contains sampling times and locations as well as functional group (FTIR) and elemental (XRF) composition for bulk submicron Teflon filter samples collected aboard the NOAA Ron H Brown ship from Hawaii to Japan during the ACE-Asia project...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2003-02-20
    This dataset consists of the aerosol optical depth data taken aboard the ship Ron Brown during the INDOEX time period.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This dataset contains radiation aerosol optical depth measurements using a sunphotometer taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the tab delimited (.acf) data files. Data can also be downloaded in a...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2011-09-14
    This dataset contains radiation aerosol optical depth measurements using a sunphotometer taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the netCDF data files. Data can also be downloaded in a tab delimited (...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2011-09-14
    This dataset contains aerosol sub- and super-micron elemental and organic carbon measurements taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the tab delimited (.acf) data files. Data can also be downloaded in a...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains aerosol sub- and super-micron elemental and organic carbon measurements taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the netCDF data files. Data can also be downloaded in a tab delimited...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains aerosol sub- and super- micron nss sulfate, MSA, ammonium and other major ion measurements, using 2-stage multi-jet cascade impactors, taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains aerosol sub- and super- micron nss sulfate, MSA, ammonium and other major ion measurements, using 2-stage multi-jet cascade impactors, taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-26
    This dataset contains aerosol sub- and super- micron nss sulfate, MSA, ammonium and other major ion measurements, using 2-stage multi-jet cascade impactors, taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains aerosol sub- and super- micron nss sulfate, MSA, ammonium and other major ion measurements, using 2-stage multi-jet cascade impactors, taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-26
    This dataset contains aerosol sub- and super-micron mineral dust concentrations using a spectrometer, taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the tab delimited (.acf) data files. Data can also be...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains aerosol sub- and super-micron mineral dust concentrations using a spectrometer, taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the netCDF data files. Data can also be downloaded in a tab...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-26
    This dataset contains aerosol total and sub-micron light scattering and backscattering measurements using a nephelometer taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the netCDF data files. Data can also be...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-26
    This dataset contains aerosol total and sub-micron light scattering and backscattering measurements using a nephelometer taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the tab delimited (.acf) data files. Data...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains photographic cloud imagery collected aboard the ship Ron Brown during the INDOEX time period.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This Dataset consists of Improved Meteorology (IMET) buoy data collected during the EPIC cruise of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown. The buoy is located at 20.15S 85.15W.
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains aqueous DMS measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in ASCII text format. However, the same dataset can also be ordered in a netCDF format.
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains aqueous DMS measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in netCDF format. However, the same dataset can also be ordered in an ASCII text format.
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-26
    This dataset consists of dimethylsulfide concentrations obtained from ambient air and seawater samples, day of year, latitude and longitude. For more information, please see the read-me file.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This dataset contains DMS measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in ASCII text format. However, the same dataset can also be ordered in a netCDF format.
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains DMS measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in netCDF format. However, the same dataset can also be ordered in an ASCII text format.
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-26
    This dataset consists of rainmap files generated from doppler radar scans collected during the EPIC cruise of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown. The data consists of one gzipped .tar file that contains .gif, .ps and .txt data files for the time period September ...
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2007-11-06
    This dataset contains Carbon Monoxide measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in ASCII text format. However, the same dataset can also be ordered in a netCDF format.
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains Carbon Monoxide measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in netCDF format. However, the same dataset can also be ordered in an ASCII text format.
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-26
    This dataset contains CO data from the Ron Brown collected by the University of Maryland. The files are comma-delimited. These data have been averaged into 30 minute time bins.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This dataset contains hourly ceilometer data, 10 minute ceilometer data, 15 second ceilometer data, and cloud fraction statistics. The hourly ceilometer data, 10 minute ceilometer data, and cloud fraction statistics were generated from the 15 second...
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-06-12
    This dataset contains 2 JPEG images of the paths taken by the NOAA R/V Ron Brown. During both Legs 1 and 2 of R/V Ron Brown's participation in Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC) 2001. Please see http://www.etl.noaa.gov/programs/2001/epic...
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This Dataset consists of Conductivity, Temperature and Depth (CTD) system data collected during the EPIC cruise of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown.
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset consists of cloud radar files collected during the EPIC cruise of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown.
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2007-10-15
    This Dataset consists of GOES 8 IR satellite imagery collected during the EPIC cruise of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown.
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    A link to the NOAA/PMEL archive of photos from the R/V Ron Brown INDOEX cruise.
    • INDOEX
    This dataset consists of the position data and position image files for the Ron Brown Acillary INDOEX Cruise Tracks.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This dataset consists of backscatter profile data including height of uppermost aerosol layer, top of marine boundary layer, aerosol optical depths, backscatter profiles, latitude and longitude, every 30 minutes.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This dataset contains merged Vaisala CTK-25 ceilometer, DOE/ARM mailbox type 23/31 GHz microwave radiometer, and ETL MMCR 21/31/90 GHz microwave radiometer data taken aboard the NOAA R/V Ron Brown. During Leg 2 of R/V Ron Brown's participation in...
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains hourly ceilometer data, 10 minute ceilometer data, 15 second ceilometer data, and cloud fraction statistics. The hourly ceilometer data, 10 minute ceilometer data, and cloud fraction statistics were generated from the 15 second...
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-06-12
    This dataset contains microwave radiometer data at 20, 31, and 90 GHz taken aboard the NOAA R/V Ron Brown. During Leg 1 of R/V Ron Brown's participation in Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC) 2001. The readme contains information on the...
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains microwave radiometer data at 20, 31, and 90 GHz taken aboard the NOAA R/V Ron Brown. During Leg 2 of R/V Ron Brown's participation in Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC) 2001. The readme contains information on the...
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains microwave radiometer data at 20, 31, and 90 GHz taken aboard the NOAA R/V Ron Brown during the Tau cruise just after R/V Ron Brown's participation in Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC) 2001. The readme contains...
    • EPIC
    • PACS
    final 1.0
    2006-06-12
    This dataset contains microwave radiometer data at 23 and 31 GHz taken aboard the NOAA R/V Ron Brown. During Leg 1 of R/V Ron Brown's participation in Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC) 2001. The readme contains information on the...
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains microwave radiometer data at 23 and 31 GHz taken aboard the NOAA R/V Ron Brown. During Leg 2 of R/V Ron Brown's participation in Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC) 2001. The readme contains information on the...
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains microwave radiometer data at 23 and 31 GHz taken aboard the NOAA R/V Ron Brown. During the Tao cruise of R/V Ron Brown's participation in Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC) 2001. The readme contains information on the...
    • PACS
    final 1.0
    2006-06-12
    Vertical Profiles of wind velocity and direction are produced from doppler lidar mearsurements taken aboard the Ron Brown from Sept 12 to Oct 05 2001. The VAD technique (Browning and Wexler, 1968) was employed to process wind information taken in...
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-06-12
    Vertical Profiles of wind velocity and direction are produced from doppler lidar mearsurements taken aboard the Ron Brown from Oct 08 to Oct 22 2001. The VAD technique (Browning and Wexler, 1968) was employed to process wind information taken in...
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-06-12
    A link to the NOAA/ESRL/Chemical Sciences Division Mini-MOPA CO2 Doppler lidar data and imagery archive for the R/V Ron Brown cruise during the EPIC field campaign. 
    • EPIC
    final completed
    This Dataset consists of navigation data collected during the EPIC cruise of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown.
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains the Ron Brown Meteorology Navigation and State Parameters collected during the INDOEX time period.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This dataset contains ship speed, headings, temperature, relative humidity, pressure, insolation, wind and rainfall rate measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in ASCII text format....
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains ship speed, headings, temperature, relative humidity, pressure, insolation, wind and rainfall rate measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in netCDF format....
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-26
    This dataset contains computations of bulk meteorological variables and fluxes derived the ETL system based on preliminary analysis done during Leg 1 and Leg 2 of the EPIC2001 cruise and the PACS TAO maintenance cruise that followed. Most quantities...
    • EPIC
    • PACS
    final 1.0
    2006-06-12
    This dataset contains data collected aboard the ship Ron Brown for EPIC. The data are made up of computations of bulk meteorological variables and fluxes derived from the ETL system based on preliminary analysis done during Leg 1 of the EPIC2001 cruise...
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-06-12
    This data set contains measurements of nitrogen oxides made on the Ron Brown ship during the INDOEX project.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This data set contains Oceanography data obtained during the ACE ASIA cruise of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown. The following variables are measured: Downwelling Irradiance, Upwelling Irradiance, Upwelling Radiance ?continous profiles?, Photosynthetic...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains the Ron Brown ozonesonde profile data.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This dataset contains Ron Brown Chemistry Ozone data.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This dataset contains ozone data from the Ron Brown collected during the INDOEX project .
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This dataset contains S02, Radon, and ozone measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in ASCII text format. However, the same dataset can also be ordered in a netCDF format.
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains S02, Radon, and ozone measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in netCDF format. However, the same dataset can also be ordered in an ASCII text format.
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-26
    This data set contains data from Ozone/Humidity soundings made from board the NOAA research vessel "Ronald H. Brown" during the INDOEX-1999 IFP.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This data set contains Radiation Pyranometer data obtained during the ACE ASIA cruise of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown.
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains data collected aboard the ship Ron Brown for EPIC. This dataset includes four files: rb0108_rad.txt -- ship nav, longwave (PSP), longwave (PIR), pitch/roll; rb0108_frsr -- Fast Rotating Shadowband Radiometer data: global and sky...
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset consists of rawinsonde data collected during the INDOEX cruise of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown. Each datafile contains the ships location, the sonde's UTC release time, and a vertical profile of pressure, temperature, humidity, latitude and...
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2005-10-25
    A link to the NOAA/PMEL archive of R/V Ron Brown radiosonde time-height cross section imagery and data.
    • INDOEX
    This Dataset consists of rawinsonde data collected during the EPIC cruise of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown. Each datafile contains the ships location, the sonde's UTC release time, and a vertical profile of pressure, temperature, humidity, latitude and...
    • EPIC
    • PACS
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This Dataset consists of rawinsonde data collected during the EPIC cruise of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown. Each datafile contains the ships location, the sonde's UTC release time, and a vertical profile of pressure, temperature, humidity, latitude and...
    • EPIC
    • PACS
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset consists of rawinsonde data collected during the ACE-ASIA cruise of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown. Each datafile contains the ships location, the sonde's UTC release time, and a vertical profile of pressure, temperature, humidity, latitude and...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-06-12
    This data set contains SIMBAD radiometer data obtained during the ACE ASIA cruise of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown.
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains data from the two 'messages' requested for recording by the EPIC group (WHOI-ETL and RAIN). The data are at 2-s time resolution and there are 'HDR' files that describe what variables are archived. For more information please see...
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains data from the two 'messages' requested for recording by the EPIC group (WHOI-ETL and RAIN). The data are at 2-s time resolution and there are 'HDR' files that describe what variables are archived. For more information please see...
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This data set contains atmospheric pCO2 data obtained during the ACE ASIA cruise of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown.
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains sea surface temperature and salinity measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in ASCII text format. However, the same dataset can also be ordered in a netCDF format.
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains sea surface temperature and salinity measurements taken on board the Ron Brown Ship during the ACE-Asia project, March-April 2001. This data is in netCDF format. However, the same dataset can also be ordered in an ASCII text format.
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-26
    This dataset contains the Oceanography SST, Salinity, and Chlorophyll data collected aboard the Ship Ron Brown during the INDOEX time period.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This dataset contains aerosol sub- and super- micron nss sulfate, MSA, ammonium and other major ion measurements, using 7-stage multi-jet cascade impactors, taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This dataset contains aerosol sub- and super- micron nss sulfate, MSA, ammonium and other major ion measurements, using 7-stage multi-jet cascade impactors, taken aboard the Ron Brown ship during the ACE-Asia field project. This dataset contains the...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2006-07-26
    These data were collected on the R/V Ron Brown Ship during the INDOEX 1999 field project and cover the time period from 22 February 1999 through 31 March 1999. This data set contains measured levels of HCHO using a Tunable Diode Laser Absorption...
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2013-05-20
    This Dataset consists of Thermosalinograph data collected during the EPIC cruise of the NOAA Ship Ron Brown.
    • EPIC
    final 1.0
    2006-07-18
    This data set contains lidar data from the R/V Ronald H. Brown. The data was collected by the Ocean Color and Aerosol Characterization Group (OCAG) during the INDOEX-99 cruise.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This dataset contains semi-continuous PM1.0 organic (OC), elemental (EC), and total carbon (TC) concentrations measured over the northwest Pacific Ocean and marine environment near East Asia using an automated thermal optical transmittance (TOT) carbon...
    • ACE-ASIA
    final 1.0
    2002-05-10
    This dataset links to supplemental information for the project.
    • AMMA
    final completed
    This dataset contains the Aerosol PSAP data collected aboard the ship Sagar Kanya during the INDOEX time period.
    • INDOEX
    This dataset provides a link to information on the CTD casts conducted from the R/V Sagar Kanya duing its CINDY cruise.
    • DYNAMO
    final completed
    Nephelometer data collected aboard the ship Sagar Kanya during the INDOEX time period.
    • INDOEX
    This dataset contains the Radiation Pyranometer data collected aboard the ship Sagar Kanya during the INDOEX time period.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This dataset consists of rawinsonde data collected during INDOEX from the Oceanographic Research Vessel (ORV) Sagar Kanya. Each datafile contains the ship's location, the sonde's UTC release time, and a vertical profile of pressure, temperature,...
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    This is one of the upper air data sets developed for the Dynamics of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (DYNAMO) 2011-2012 project. This preliminary data set includes 71 high vertical resolution (2-second) radiosonde soundings from the R/V Sagar Kanya. The...
    • DYNAMO
    final 1.0
    2012-03-22

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    This material is based upon work supported by the NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, a major facility sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation and managed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. National Science Foundation.