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Earth Observing Laboratory
Field Data Archive

Dataset List

    14578 datasets found (100 shown). Full dataset descriptions and data access links are available by selecting the dataset title.
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    Dataset Projects Responsible parties Version/Date
    The Upper Missouri River Basin Pilot Project (UMRBPP) Eta MOLTS Derived Soundings data set contains NCEP Eta Model Location Time Series (MOLTS) derived soundings for the six locations within the Black Hills region. These output are only for the initial...
    • UMRBPP
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    The Upper Missouri River Basin Pilot Project (UMRBPP) Eta MOLTS Derived Soundings data set contains NCEP Eta Model Location Time Series (MOLTS) derived soundings for locations within the UMRBPP domain. These output are only for the initial analysis...
    • UMRBPP
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    This dataset is comprised of four daily images depicting 18, 24, 30, and 36 hour forecast images for the Pan American Climate Studies Region (PACS). The files are in gif format. NOTE: This dataset is no longer being updated at EOL. Real-time access to...
    • PACS
    final 1.0
    2011-06-29
    This dataset contains the results of ethane (C2H6) analysis in air extracted from 27 ice core samples from Summit, Greenland (GISP2B ice core) and 33 samples from West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide, Antarctica (WDC-05A ice core). The data is in Excel (...
    • ARCSS
    final 1.0
    2015-11-11
    Cloud microphysical properties are derived from retrieval techniques that combine ground-based radar and radiometer measurements from the SHEBA ice camp. Retrieved parameters include: particle size, water content, water path, particle concentration,...
    • SHEBA
    1.0
    2007-11-02
    Data set combines radar, lidar, and radiosonde measurements to give a comprehensive view of cloud boundaries, locations, and temperatures for the SHEBA annual cycle. Information includes: best estimated low cloud base and high cloud top, total cloud...
    • SHEBA
    1.0
    2007-11-02
    Microwave radiometer data files provide retrievals of precipitable water vapor (PWV) and condensed liquid water path (LWP). These files are identical to the initial files available from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program with the vapor...
    • SHEBA
    1.0
    2009-06-02
    ETOPO5 is a collection of several gridded elevation data sets, combined into a single, global coverage. The data sets are of low resolution and accuracy, and therefore are useful for only the most general descriptions of polar topography. 5-Minute...
    • ARCSS
    1.0
    2009-04-29
    A link is provided to the Norwegian Meteorological Institute (NMI) THREDDS server archive of EUMETSAT Ocean and Sea Ice SAF High Latitude data. Included are sea ice concentration, drift, edge, emissivity, type and index data. Sea surface temperature...
    • CAESAR
    This dataset contains Eurasian Plant Nutrient Survey Data, including the ecophysiological characteristics of clonal Carex arctic plant species from the Eurasian Arctic. Data are leaf d13C, %N, and d15N of Carex ensifolia Krecz. ssp. arctisibirica...
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2007-11-02
    The Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet) measured sediment fluxes and nutrient concentrations of sixteen Russian rivers between 1938 and 2000. This data set includes monthly sediment fluxes (in...
    • ARCSS
    1.0
    2009-04-29
    This dataset contains output from the Experimental Climate Prediction Center (ECPC) Regional Spectral Model (RSM) - Run 2. The data are for the NAME Model Assessment Project (NAMAP). NCAR/EOL has performed no Quality Control on this dataset. See the...
    • NAMAP
    final 1.0
    2008-05-29
    This dataset contains output from the Experimental Climate Prediction Center (ECPC) Regional Spectral Model (RSM) - Run 3. The data are for the NAME Model Assessment Project (NAMAP). NCAR/EOL has performed no Quality Control on this dataset. See the...
    • NAMAP
    final 1.0
    2008-05-29
    This dataset contains output from the Experimental Climate Prediction Center (ECPC) Regional Spectral Model (RSM) - Run 1. The data are for the NAME Model Assessment Project (NAMAP). NCAR/EOL has performed no Quality Control on this dataset. See the...
    • NAMAP
    final 1.0
    2008-05-29
    Samples were collected as part of a laboratory experiment assessing the effects of the rate of freezing and of the final temperature on soil nutrient dynamics and microbial biomass. Measurements include microbial respiration, biomass, nutrient...
    • ARCSS
    • ACADIS
    1.0
    2012-02-22
    This dataset consists of a map of the exploratory oil drilling sites in the Chuckchi and Beaufort Seas offshore Alaska, along with a PDF file supplying information on each of the sites. API numbers, the operator, prospect name, sale number, lat/lon,...
    • PacMARS
    1.0
    2014-05-05
    This dataset links to supplemental information for the project.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    This dataset links to supplemental information for the project.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    This dataset provides a link to the CEDA Archive datasets from the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft including the Aerosol Backscatter Lidar data.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    A link to the CEDA Data Archive FAAM BAe-146 Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) data from the VOCALS campaign.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    A link to the CEDA Data Archive FAAM BAe-146 AIMMS Turbulence Probe Data from the VOCALS campaign.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    This dataset is a pdf summary document containing a basic synopsis of the flight pattern and sortie aims of all FAAM BAe-146 and NERC Dornier 228 flights conducted for VOCALS-UK.
    • VOCALS
    final 1.0
    2011-09-22
    This dataset provides a link to the UK CEDA Archive Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 Aircraft Data for the VOCALS-UK [VAMOS (Variability of the American Monsoon System) Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Study Regional Experiment]...
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    A link to the CEDA Data Archive FAAM BAe-146 Cloud Aerosol and Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS) Data from the VOCALS campaign.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    A link to the CEDA Data Archive FAAM BAe-146 Cloud and Precipitation Imager (CIP-15) data from the VOCALS campaign.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    A link to the CEDA Data Archive FAAM BAe-146 Cloud Condensation Nuclei Spectrometer (CCN) data from the VOCALS campaign.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    A link to the CEDA Data Archive FAAM BAe-146 data from the VOCALS campaign which includes Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) data.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    A link to the CEDA Data Archive FAAM BAe-146 data from the VOCALS campaign which includes Carbon Monoxide (CO) data.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    A link to the CEDA Archive of the FAAM BAe-146 flight data for the VOCALS campaign which includes the Condensation Nucleus Counter (CNC) and Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) data.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    This dataset provides a link to the UK CEDA Archive Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 Aircraft Data for the VOCALS-UK [VAMOS (Variability of the American Monsoon System) Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Study Regional Experiment]...
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    A link to the CEDA Archive of the FAAM BAe-146 flight data for the VOCALS campaign which includes the Core Chemistry (CO, O3, NOx, SO2) Data.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    This dataset provides a link to the UK CEDA Archive Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 Aircraft Data for the VOCALS-UK [VAMOS (Variability of the American Monsoon System) Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Study Regional Experiment]...
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    This data set includes 47 high vertical resolution (0.5-sec) soundings collected from 31 October 2008 to 13 November 2008 aboard the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft, which was based in Arica, in the most northern part of Chile close to the Peruvian border. The...
    • VOCALS
    final 1.0
    2011-01-19
    This dataset provides a link to the UK CEDA Archive Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 Aircraft Data for the VOCALS-UK [VAMOS (Variability of the American Monsoon System) Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Study Regional Experiment]...
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    A link to the CEDA Archive of the FAAM BAe-146 flight data for the VOCALS campaign which includes the Filters Data.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    A link to the CEDA Archive of the FAAM BAe-146 flight data for the VOCALS campaign which includes the Heimann Downward-facing Radiometer (SST) Data.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    This dataset provides a link to the UK CEDA Archive Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 Aircraft Data for the VOCALS-UK [VAMOS (Variability of the American Monsoon System) Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Study Regional Experiment]...
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    A link to the CEDA Archive of the FAAM BAe-146 flight data for the VOCALS campaign which includes the Liquid and Total Water Probe Data.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    A link is provided to the CEDA Archive of FAAM BAe-146 archive of core and non-core instrumentation from the aircraft for the VOCALS campaign.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    This dataset provides a link to the UK CEDA Archive Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 Aircraft Data for the VOCALS-UK [VAMOS (Variability of the American Monsoon System) Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Study Regional Experiment]...
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    This dataset provides a link to the VOCALS Field Catalog Reports section which includes FAAM BAe-146 Mission Summaries from the campaign.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    A link to the CEDA Archive of the FAAM BAe-146 flight data for the VOCALS campaign which includes the PCASP (Optical Aerosol Sizing Probe) Data.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    This dataset provides a link to the VOCALS Field Catalog Reports section which includes FAAM BAe-146 Planning Reports from the campaign.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    This dataset links to supplemental information for the project.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    A link to the CEDA Archive of the FAAM BAe-146 flight data for the VOCALS campaign which includes the Shortwave Spectrometer (SWS) Data.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    This dataset links to supplemental information for the project.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    This dataset provides a link to the VOCALS Field Catalog Reports section which includes FAAM BAe-146 Status Reports from the campaign.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    This dataset links to supplemental information for the project.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    This dataset links to supplemental information for the project.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    A link to the CEDA Archive of the FAAM BAe-146 flight data for the VOCALS campaign which includes the Upward, Downward, Forward, and Rear Video Data.
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    During the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud Atmosphere-Land Study (VOCALS) campaign, Volatile Aerosol Concentration and Composition (VACC) data were collected on the FAAM BAe-146 aircraft from 26 October to 9 November 2008. This dataset contains the VACC data in...
    • VOCALS
    final 1.0
    2011-04-21
    This dataset provides a link to the UK CEDA Archive Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) BAe-146 Aircraft Data for the VOCALS-UK [VAMOS (Variability of the American Monsoon System) Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Study Regional Experiment]...
    • VOCALS
    final completed
    This dataset contains 915 MHz wind profiler data collected by the NCAR/ATD Integrated Sounding System (ISS) located at the WLEF-TV tower in Park Falls, Wisconsin during the Forest Atmosphere Boundary Layer Experiment (FABLE) in 1998. This dataset...
    • FABLE
    final 1.0
    2017-03-06
    This dataset contains surface meteorology data collected by the NCAR/ATD Integrated Sounding System (ISS) located at the WLEF-TV transmitter near Park Falls, Wisconsin during the Forest Atmosphere Boundary Layer Experiment (FABLE) in 1998. These data...
    • FABLE
    final 1.0
    2017-03-06
    This dataset contains 915 MHz wind profiler data collected by the NCAR/ATD Integrated Sounding System (ISS) located at the Walker Branch Watershead in Oak Ridge, Tennessee during the Forest Atmosphere Boundary Layer Experiment (FABLE) in 1999. This...
    • FABLE
    final 1.0
    2017-03-06
    This dataset contains surface meteorology data collected by the NCAR/ATD Integrated Sounding System (ISS) located at the Walker Branch Watershead in Oak Ridge, Tennessee during the Forest Atmosphere Boundary Layer Experiment (FABLE) in 1999. These data...
    • FABLE
    final 1.0
    2017-03-06
    This dataset contains 915 MHz wind profiler data collected by the NCAR/ATD Integrated Sounding System (ISS) located at the WLEF-TV tower in Park Falls, Wisconsin during the Forest Atmosphere Boundary Layer Experiment (FABLE) in 1999. This dataset...
    • FABLE
    final 1.0
    2017-03-06
    This dataset contains surface meteorology data collected by the NCAR/ATD Integrated Sounding System (ISS) located at the WLEF-TV transmitter near Park Falls, Wisconsin during the Forest Atmosphere Boundary Layer Experiment (FABLE) in 1999. These data...
    • FABLE
    final 1.0
    2017-03-06
    This dataset contains 915 MHz wind profiler data collected by the NCAR/ATD Integrated Sounding System (ISS) located at the WLEF-TV tower in Park Falls, Wisconsin during the Forest Atmosphere Boundary Layer Experiment (FABLE) in 2000. This dataset...
    • FABLE
    final 1.0
    2017-03-06
    This dataset contains surface meteorology data collected by the NCAR/ATD Integrated Sounding System (ISS) located at the WLEF-TV transmitter near Park Falls, Wisconsin during the Forest Atmosphere Boundary Layer Experiment (FABLE) in 2000. These data...
    • FABLE
    final 1.0
    2017-03-06
    This dataset contains Fabry-Perot interferometer data from Mt. John for the Study of Deeply Propagating Gravity Waves from the Earth's Surface to the Mesosphere (DEEPWAVE) project. The data is in columnar ASCII format. The reported measurements are...
    • DEEPWAVE
    final 1.0
    2018-10-05
    This dataset provides a link to the VORTEX2 2010 Field Catalog Reports section. It includes a variety of reports relevant to the campaigns field operations including the Facility Status.
    • VORTEX2
    final completed
    Ozone measured with the dual-beam FAIRO-1 UV-photometer and chemiluminescence detector on board the research aircraft NSF/NCAR GV HIAPER during the TI3GER (Technological Innovation Into Iodine and GV Environmental Research) field project from 2 through...
    • TI3GER
    final 1.0
    2022-10-25
    Ozone measured with the dual-beam FAIRO-2 UV-photometer and chemiluminescence detector on board the research aircraft NSF/NCAR GV HIAPER during the TI3GER (Technological Innovation Into Iodine and GV Environmental Research) field project from 2 through...
    • TI3GER
    final 1.0
    2022-10-25
    This is one of the upper air data sets developed for the International H2O Project (IHOP 2002). This data set contains high resolution dropsonde data from the Falcon aircraft. The Falcon made drops on May 17th,19th,20th,21st,25th,29th and 31st, and on...
    • IHOP_2002
    final 1.0
    2008-10-17
    This dataset contains quality-controlled Flexible Array of Radars and Mesonets (FARM) Doppler on Wheels (DOW) and COW and ancillary data from the Winter precipitation type research multi-scale experiment (WINTRE-MIX) field project. These data do not...
    • WINTRE-MIX
    This dataset contains quality-controlled FARM data and ancillary data from the LEE project 2023 field phase. The data are accessible a http://www.farmfacility.org/ or  https://doi.org/10.48514/962K-9866. This dataset is password protected with a...
    • LEE
    A 2D-S instrument is a cloud particle probe that contains two orthogonal open path optical array probes, which image cloud particles between about 10 microns - 2 mm in size as they pass through the instrument sample volume.  This imagery is used to...
    • CAESAR
    final 1.0
    2025-04-17
    This dataset provides a link to the NASA ESPO Data Archive for the ATTREX Global Hawk campaign. Included are the Fast Cloud Droplet Probe (FCDP) Data
    • CONTRAST
    final completed
    This dataset provides a link to the CEDA Archive CAST campaign datasets including the Fast Greenhouse Gas Analyser (FGGA) Data.
    • CONTRAST
    final completed
    This dataset provides a link to the CEDA Archive CAST campaign datasets including the Fast NOx data.
    • CONTRAST
    final completed
    This data set consists of a composite of all FASTEX sounding data interpolated to 5-millibar vertical levels collected from the 45 platforms in the experiment domain. This data set includes pressure, temperature, dew point, relative humidity, wind...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    This data set consists of a composite of all FASTEX sounding data at their "native" resolution, i.e. the highest possible resolution. It includes sounding data from 45 platforms including land and ship based sites as well as dropsondes from aircraft....
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    This data set includes airborne measurements obtained from the NCAR Research Aviation Facility (RAF) Electra aircraft (Tail Number: N308D) during the Fronts and Atlantic Storm Tracks Experiment (FASTEX) project. This dataset contains low rate...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2011-05-17
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Aberporth in the United Kingdom (WMO 03502) which was operated by the UK Meteorological Office. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC) except during selected IOPs when it was up to...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Angmagssalik in Greenland (WMO 04360) which was operated by the Danish Meteorological Institute. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC). These data were processed through automated...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-10-14
    This dataset consists of sounding data from the French ASAP ship the Douce France. Soundings were taken two times per day (00 and 12 UTC) while the ship was within the FASTEX domain. These data were processed through the automated and visual quality...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from the French ASAP ship the Fort Desaix. Soundings were taken two times per day (00 and 12 UTC) while the ship was within the FASTEX domain. These data were processed through the automated and visual quality...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from the French ASAP ship the Fort Fleur D'Eppe. Soundings were taken two times per day (00 and 12 UTC) while the ship was within the FASTEX domain. These data were processed through the automated and visual...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from the French ASAP ship the Fort Royal. Soundings were taken two times per day (00 and 12 UTC) while the ship was within the FASTEX domain. These data were processed through the automated and visual quality...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from the Swedish-Icelandic ASAP ship the Godafoss which was operated by the Vedurstofa Islands. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC) while the ship was within the FASTEX domain. These...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from the Danish ASAP ship the Irena Arctica which was operated by the Danish Meteorological Institute. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC) while the ship was within the FASTEX domain....
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from the Danish ASAP ship the Nuca Arctica which was operated by the Danish Meteorological Institute. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC) while the ship was within the FASTEX domain....
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Bermuda (WMO 78016) which was operated by SERCO. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC). These data were processed through automated and visual quality control. This dataset includes...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Bordeaux in France (WMO 07510) which was operated by Meteo-France. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC) except during selected IOPs when soundings were taken up to eight times per...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-10-14
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Boulmer in the United Kingdom (WMO 03240) which was operated by the UK Meteorological Office. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC) except for selected IOPs when it was up to eight...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Brest in France (WMO 07110) which was operated by Meteo-France. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC) except during selected IOPs when it was up to eight times per day (also 03, 09,...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Camborne in the United Kingdom (WMO 03808) which was operated by the UK Meteorological Office. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC) except during selected IOPs when it was up to...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Charleston, South Carolina in the USA (WMO 72208) which was operated by the US National Weather Service. Soundings were taken two times per day (00 and 12 UTC) except during selected IOPs when it was up to...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Chatham, Massachusetts in the USA (WMO 74494) which was operated by the US National Weather Service. Soundings were taken two times per day (00 and 12 UTC) except during selected IOPs when it was up to four...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Egedessminde in Greenland (WMO 04220) which was operated by the Danish Meteorological Institute. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 16, 12, and 18 UTC). These data were processed through automated...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-10-14
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Funchal in Madeira (Portugal) (WMO 08522) which was operated by INMG). Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC). These data were processed through automated and visual quality control....
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Goose Bay, Canada (WMO 71816) which was operated by the Atmospheric Environement Service of Canada. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC). The data underwent automated and visual...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-10-14
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Hemsby in the United Kingdom (WMO 03496) which was operated by the UK Meteorological Office. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC) except during selected IOPs when it was up to...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Hillsborough in the United Kingdom (WMO 03920) which was operated by the UK Meteorological Office. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC) except during selected IOPs when it was up...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Keflavic in Iceland (WMO 04018) which was operated by the Iceland Meteorological Office. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC). These data were processed through automated and...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Kuujjuaq, Canada (WMO 71906) which was operated by the Atmospheric Environment Service of Canada. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC). The data went the automated and visual...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-10-14
    This dataset consists of sounding data from La Coruna in Spain (WMO 08001) which was operated by INM. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC) for most of the FASTEX period. These data were processed through automated and visual...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Lajes in the Azores (Portugal) (WMO 08508) which was operated by INMG). Soundings were taken two times per day (00 and 12 UTC) in January and four times per day (also 06 and 18 UTC) in February. These data...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15
    This dataset consists of sounding data from Lerwick in the United Kingdom (WMO 03005) which was operated by the UK Meteorological Office. Soundings were taken four times per day (00, 06, 12, and 18 UTC) except during selected IOPs when it was up to...
    • FASTEX
    final 1.0
    2021-11-15

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    This material is based upon work supported by the NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, a major facility sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation and managed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. National Science Foundation.