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Earth Observing Laboratory
Field Data Archive

Dataset List

    14575 datasets found (100 shown). Full dataset descriptions and data access links are available by selecting the dataset title.
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    Dataset Projects Responsible parties Version/Date
    This data set contains the 1-minute resolution surface meteorological observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~860 stations in the United States for the March-April 2018 period. These data were collected by the...
    • VORTEX-SE_2018
    final 1.0
    2018-05-07
    This data set contains the 1-minute resolution surface meteorological observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~860 stations in the United States for the TRANS2AM phase 1 period. These data were collected by the...
    • TRANS2AM
    final 1.0
    2021-12-08
    1--minute resolution surface meteorological observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~890 stations in the United States and select locations elsewhere. These data were collected by the National Centers for...
    • PERiLS_2022
    • PERiLS_2023
    • S2noCliME
    • TORUS_2022
    • M2HATS
    • CG_WaveS
    • DELTA
    • ICECHIP
    • TRANS2AM
    • Operational
    • BACS
    • TORUS-LItE
    • LIFT_2024
    final 1.0
    2022-04-29
    This data set contains the 1-minute resolution surface meteorological observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~860 stations in the United States for the PERiLS_2022 campaign period. These data were collected by the...
    • PERiLS_2022
    final 1.0
    2022-06-07
    This data set contains the 1-minute resolution surface meteorological observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~860 stations in the United States for WINTRE-MIX. These data were collected by the National Centers for...
    • WINTRE-MIX
    final 1.0
    2022-06-08
    This data set contains the 5-minute resolution surface meteorological observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~860 stations in the United States for the SAVANT (Stable Air Variability and Transport) field project for...
    • SAVANT
    final 1.0
    2019-02-06
    This data set contains the 5-minute resolution surface meteorological observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~860 stations in the United States for the November 2018 to April 2019 period. These data were collected by...
    • Meso18-19
    final 1.0
    2019-05-15
    This data set contains the 5-minute resolution surface meteorological observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~860 stations in the United States for the January to March 2019 period. These data were collected by the...
    • ICICLE
    final 1.0
    2019-05-23
    This data set contains the 5-minute resolution surface meteorological observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~860 stations in the United States for the May and June 2019 period. These data were collected by the...
    • TORUS_2019
    final 1.0
    2019-11-08
    This data set contains the 5-minute resolution surface meteorological observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~860 stations in the United States for WINTRE-MIX.  These data were collected by the National Centers for...
    • WINTRE-MIX
    final 1.0
    2022-06-08
    This data set contains ASOS 5 minute data. The individual station files are contained in a single tar file for each of the two months, May and June. There is a gap in the data in all sites from approximately 5 June to 10 June 2012. This data set...
    • DC3
    final 1.0
    2012-07-16
    This data set contains Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) 5 minute data. The individual station files are contained in a single tar file for each of the two months, December 2013 and January 2014. This data set includes data from the entire ASOS...
    • OWLeS
    final 1.0
    2014-03-17
    This data set contains the 5-minute resolution observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~860 stations in the contiguous United States. These data were collected and archived by the National Centers for Environmental...
    • PECAN
    final 1.0
    2015-08-06
    This data set contains the 5-minute resolution surface meteorological observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~860 stations in the United States for the March-May 2016 period. These data were collected by the National...
    • VORTEX-SE_2016
    final 1.0
    2016-06-10
    This data set contains the 5-minute resolution surface meteorological observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~860 stations in the United States for the March-May 2017 period. These data were collected by the National...
    • VORTEX-SE_2017
    final 1.0
    2017-06-14
    This data set contains the 5-minute resolution surface meteorological observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~860 stations in the United States for the March-April 2018 period. These data were collected by the...
    • VORTEX-SE_2018
    final 1.0
    2018-05-08
    This data set contains the 5-minute resolution surface meteorological observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~860 stations in the United States for the TRANS2AM phase 1 period. These data were collected by the...
    • TRANS2AM
    final 1.0
    2021-12-08
    5-minute resolution surface meteorological observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~890 stations in the United States and select locations elsewhere. These data were collected by the National Centers for Environmental...
    • BACS
    • TORUS-LItE
    • PERiLS_2022
    • PERiLS_2023
    • S2noCliME
    • TORUS_2022
    • CG_WaveS
    • DELTA
    • ICECHIP
    • LIFT_2024
    • TRANS2AM
    • Operational
    final 1.0
    2022-04-29
    Five minute resolution surface meteorological observations from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) network of ~860 stations in the United States for the May and June 2019 period. These data were collected by the National Centers for...
    • PERiLS_2022
    final 1.0
    2022-06-07
    This data set contains 1-minute resolution surface meteorological data from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) stations located at the Naval Air Weapons Station (NAWS) China Lake during the Terrain-induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX). These...
    • T-REX
    final 1.0
    2006-08-25
    The Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) Hourly Surface data in QC format is one of several surface datasets provided in the GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) Large Scale Area-North West (LSA-NW) Enhanced Annual Observing Period...
    • GCIP/LSA-NW-00
    final 1.0
    2002-05-17
    The Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) Hourly Surface data in QC format is one of several surface datasets provided in the GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) Large Scale Area-North West (LSA-NW) Enhanced Annual Observing Period...
    • GCIP/LSA-NW-99
    final 1.0
    2002-05-17
    The Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) Surface "special" data in QC format is one of several surface datasets provided in the GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) Large Scale Area-North West (LSA-NW) Enhanced Annual Observing...
    • GCIP/LSA-NW-00
    final 1.0
    2002-06-06
    The Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) Surface "special" data in QC format is one of several surface datasets provided in the GEWEX Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) Large Scale Area-North West (LSA-NW) Enhanced Annual Observing...
    • GCIP/LSA-NW-99
    final 1.0
    2002-06-06
    Flight Chat Logs for the ASPIRE-TEST field project, collected onboard the GV (Gulfstream V). These data are available in a txt format upon request.
    • ASPIRE-TEST
    final
    The Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) sounding data were collected from the Cross-chain LORAN Atmospheric Sounding System (CLASS) system. This data set contains "x" 10-second data, "i" data interpolated to 5mb, and "m" approximately ...
    • ASTEX
    final 1.0
    2014-07-10
    This data set is comprised of LIDAR data taken during the Terrain-induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) field campaign by the Arizona State University Environmental Fluid Dynamics Group. The data are in tar files by day. Matlab scripts to analyze the data...
    • T-REX
    final 1.0
    2011-05-17
    This dataset consists of jpg images from the ASU Doppler Lidar during the TREX field project. The first four days, 20060313-20060316, are test images. The images cover the period 20060313- 20060430. When ordering or browsing data, be aware that there...
    • T-REX
    final 1.0
    2007-10-26
    This archive contains data taken during the T-REX field campaign by the Arizona State University Environmental Fluid Dynamics Group. The T-Rex campaign took place from March 1 to May 1, 2006 and the ASU flux tower was located in Independence, CA....
    • T-REX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-08
    This archive contains data taken during the Terrain Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX ) field campaign by the Arizona State University Environmental Fluid Dynamics Group. The T-Rex campaign took place from March 1 to May 1, 2006 and the ASU flux tower...
    • T-REX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-08
    This archive contains data taken during the Terrain Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX ) field campaign by the Arizona State University Environmental Fluid Dynamics Group. The T-Rex campaign took place in Independence, CA from March 1 to May 1, 2006. The...
    • T-REX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-08
    This dataset includes the at-sea density of foraging little auks near Hornsund Fjord, Southwest Spitsbergen. Data were collected during 1-3 day cruises aboard the R/V Oceania during the little auk breeding season (July) in 2001 and in July 2005-2008....
    • ACADIS
    • ARCSS
    1.0
    2012-03-19
    Atmospheric and aircraft state data collected during the ESCAPE field campaign from 31 May to 17 June 2022 onboard the NRC Convair-580 aircraft. The data contains products at a 1Hz temporal resolution in NetCDF format, accompanied by HTML quicklook...
    • ESCAPE
    final 1.0
    2023-09-11
    A link to the Norwegian Institute for Air Research Atmospheric Backward Transport Analysis Products for MILAGRO, INTEX-B, IMPACT, and MEGAPLUME
    • MILAGRO
    final completed
    This satelite data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) looks down at the Earth and measures the infrared brightness of the atmosphere. This dataset contains daily AIRS netCDF data files of temperatures and pressure for the time period of the 2...
    • PACDEX
    final 1.0
    2011-05-17
    A link to the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder's (AIRS) AIRS on AQUA CO Full and Grid data at the NASA INTEX-B archive.
    • MILAGRO
    final completed
    This dataset links to supplemental information for the project.
    • MILAGRO
    final completed
    This dataset contains atmospheric initial and boundary conditions for Arctic Regional Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ARCMIP) in HDF format. The data include seven parameters (q, temp, u, v, z, sfcz, and sfcp) on the ECMWF Grid. The data are...
    • ARC-MIP
    final 1.0
    2010-02-02
    The Atmospheric-Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model is a coupled two source land surface one dimensional atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) model. The data was taken between May 15 and June 26, 2002.
    • IHOP_2002
    final 1.0
    2007-10-24
    This data set includes aerosol size and chemical composition data obtained using the aircraft aerosol-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (A-ATOFMS) during clear air and counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) sampling periods of the Ice in Clouds Experiment -...
    • ICE-L
    final 1.0
    2010-06-29
    This dataset contains biomass data sorted by plant functional type for the Atqasuk site, for the Arctic Transitions in the Land-Atmosphere System (ATLAS) project. The data were collected in 1999 and are in ASCII format. See the README for additional...
    • ATLAS
    1.0
    2011-09-14
    This dataset contains biomass data sorted by plant functional type for the Atqasuk site, for the Arctic Transitions in the Land-Atmosphere System (ATLAS) project. The data were collected in 1999 and are in Excel format. See the README for additional...
    • ATLAS
    1.0
    2011-09-14
    This dataset represent six diurnal courses of carbon dioxide fluxes from the Atqasuk ITEX wet and dry sites in 2001 for control and experimental plots. Diurnal courses of net ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes were assessed at approximately biweekly...
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2007-11-02
    This dataset represent six diurnal courses of carbon dioxide fluxes from the Atqasuk ITEX wet and dry sites in 2001 for control and experimental plots. Diurnal courses of net ecosystem carbon dioxide fluxes were assessed at approximately biweekly...
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2007-11-02
    This dataset contains a grid description and photo for the Atqasuk (MAT) grid on the Arctic Slope, Alaska. The data were collected on the grid in 1998. MAT stands for Moist Acidic Tundra vegetation type. The data were collected for the Arctic...
    • ATLAS
    1.0
    2011-09-14
    This dataset contains leaf area index (LAI) measurements taken at peak biomass at the Atqasuk site on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, for the Arctic Transitions in the Land-Atmosphere System (ATLAS) project. The data were collected in 1999 and are in ASCII...
    • ATLAS
    1.0
    2011-09-14
    This dataset contains leaf area index (LAI) measurements taken at peak biomass at the Atqasuk site on the Arctic Slope of Alaska, for the Arctic Transitions in the Land-Atmosphere System (ATLAS) project. The data were collected in 1999 and are in Excel...
    • ATLAS
    1.0
    2011-09-14
    This dataset contains data collected on species and land cover and abundance from Webber's Research on Arctic Tundra Environments (RATE) plots in 1975 at Atqasuk, Alaska.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2007-11-02
    This dataset contains data collected on species and land cover and abundance from Webber's Research on Arctic Tundra Environments (RATE) plots in 2000 at Atqasuk, Alaska.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2007-11-02
    This dataset contains data collected on species and land cover and abundance from Webber's Research on Arctic Tundra Environments (RATE) plots in 1975 at Atqasuk, Alaska.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2007-11-02
    This dataset contains data collected on species and land cover classes from sampling Webber's Research on Arctic Tundra Environments (RATE) plots in 1975 and 2000 at Atqasuk, Alaska.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2007-11-02
    This dataset contains a table of the basic site factors for the Atqasuk (MAT) grid on the Arctic Slope, Alaska. The data were taken for the Arctic Transitions in the Land-Atmosphere System (ATLAS) project. See the README for additional information.
    • ATLAS
    1.0
    2011-09-14
    This dataset provides a link to the NASA/ESPO Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX) data archive
    • CONTRAST
    final completed
    A link is provided to the Auburn University Mesonet website which provides observations from weather stations around the state of Alabama.
    • VORTEX-SE_2017
    • SAS
    • DC3
    • VORTEX-SE_2016
    • VORTEX-SE_2018
    final completed
    The ITEX experiment at Audkuluheidi was started in 1996 when control and OTC plots 1-5 were set up. In 1997 Control and OTC plots 6-10 were set up in the protected area (No Graze). Also in 1997, 10 control plots were set up in the adjacent grazed area ...
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2007-11-02
    The ITEX experiment at Audkuluheidi was started in 1996 when control and OTC plots 1-5 were set up. In 1997 Control and OTC plots 6-10 were set up in the protected area (No Graze). Also in 1997, 10 control plots were set up in the adjacent grazed area ...
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2007-11-02
    This Dataset contains species data from the Audkuluheidi site of ITEX in 1996, 1997, and 2000. For more information, please see the readme file.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2007-11-02
    A link to the NASA GES DISC archive of Aura OMI datasets.
    • WINTER
    • SAS
    • DC3
    final completed
    A link to the NASA/JPL Aura TES data access website. The Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer (TES) was one of four science instruments aboard NASA's Aura satellite. TES was capable of observing chemicals at any altitude, but it specialized in the...
    • WINTER
    final completed
    This data set contains the high vertical resolution (2-second) radiosonde profiles of temperature, moisture, and wind for eleven stations on the southern portion of the Australian continent (Perth, Albany, Esperance, Kalgoorlie, Ceduna, Woomera,...
    • SOCRATES
    final 1.0
    2018-03-12
    This dataset provides a link to the Australian Antarctic Data Centre.
    • DEEPWAVE
    final completed
    This dataset links to supplemental information for the project.
    • DEEPWAVE
    final completed
    This dataset provides a link to the Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) website.
    • DEEPWAVE
    final completed
    GMS Satellite Data in McIDAS Archive format for TOGA COARE from October 14, 1992 to March 5, 1993.
    • TOGA_COARE
    This dataset contains Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) Surface "Special" observation surface data. This dataset is one of several surface datasets provided for the Cooperative Atmospheric Surface Exchange Study October 1999 (CASES 1999)...
    • CASES-99
    final 1.0
    2022-01-11
    This data set contains 1 minute resolution surface meteorological data from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS). This data set covers the period from 1 May 2002 through 08 July 2002.
    • IHOP_2002
    final 1.0
    2008-10-07
    This data set contains 1-minute resolution surface meteorological data from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) stations located across the BAMEX region. These data were retrieved from two sources during the BAMEX period (12 May to 09 July 20...
    • BAMEX
    final 1.0
    2008-10-07
    This data set is ancillary data for the Terrain-induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX). This data set contains 1-minute resolution surface meteorological data from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) stations located across the United States,...
    • T-REX
    final 1.0
    2011-05-17
    The Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) Surface Dataset is one of several surface datasets provided for the Cooperative Atmospheric Surface Exchange Study October 1999 (CASES 1999) project. This ASOS dataset contains data from three stations...
    • CASES-99
    final 1.0
    2022-01-11
    This data set contains 1-minute resolution surface meteorological data from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) stations located across the United States, including Guam. These data were retrieved from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)...
    • PLOWS
    final 1.0
    2011-05-17
    This data set contains 1-minute resolution surface meteorological data from the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) stations located across the United States, including Guam. These data were retrieved from the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)...
    • VORTEX2
    final 1.0
    2011-05-17
    This data set contains 20 minute resolution surface meteorological data from the Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS). This data set covers the period from 1 May 2002 through 8 July 2002.
    • IHOP_2002
    final 1.0
    2008-10-07
    This data set contains 1 minute resolution surface meteorological data from the Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) in Iowa. This data set covers the period from 1 June 2002 through 31 July 2002.
    • SMEX02
    final 1.0
    2005-10-27
    This data set contains 1 minute resolution surface meteorological data from the Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) in Iowa. This data set covers the period from 13 May 2002 through 25 June 2002.
    • IHOP_2002
    final 1.0
    2008-10-07
    This data set contains 1-minute resolution surface meteorological data from the Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) stations located across the state of Iowa. This data set covers the period from 19 May through 07 July 2003. The data are in ASCII...
    • BAMEX
    final 1.0
    2008-10-07
    This dataset contains automated weather station data (temperature, pressure, relative humidity, and wind direction and speed) collected on and near the Greenland Ice Sheet Project Two (GISP2) site in Greenland. The data were collected every 10 minutes...
    • ARCSS
    1.0
    2009-04-29
    Dropsondes released from the University of Wyoming King Air research aircraft stationed at Utqiagvik, Alaska during the Chemistry in the Arctic: Clouds, Halogens, and Aerosols (CHACHA) field campaign aimed to improve the understanding of atmospheric...
    • CHACHA
    final 1.0
    2022-07-20
    Quality controlled NCAR AVAPS dropsonde profiles launched over the Atlantic Ocean during the 2022 NASA CPEX-CV campaign. The campaign used the NASA DC-8 research aircraft based at Sal Island, Cabo Verde. Data are in netCDF format.
    • CPEX-CV
    final 1.0
    2023-05-30
    Quality controlled dropsonde profiles onboard the NSF NCAR C-130 were collected by the EOL Dropsonde team during the Cold Air Outbreak Experiment in the Sub-Arctic Region (CAESAR) field campaign. 
    • CAESAR
    final 1.0
    2024-05-24
    This data set contains the average water column temperature from the Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS) conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) compilation to a grid of 0.5 degrees. Measurements were taken on latitude from 63.5 to 78...
    • PacMARS
    1.0
    2013-06-12
    This dataset contains daily NOAA-14 AVHRR 4-km Global Area Coverage (GAC) measurements that were collected for January-March 1996-2000. Analyses were performed for ascending daytime passes in the INDOEX region: 30S to 30N and 50E to 110E. The data were...
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2007-11-07
    Two NOAA polar orbiting satellites carried the AVHRR sensor during VORTEX. AVHRR has five spectral channels in the visible, near-infrared and infrared. Data consists of 1 km resolution HRPT or LAC and 4 km resolution GAC imagery over a 1600 km swath....
    • VORTEX
    A link to the USGS EROS Data Center AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Composites.Weekly and biweekly NDVI composites based on 1-km AVHRR data (1989 to 2019).
    • IHOP_2002
    • T-REX
    • BAMEX
    final completed
    This dataset is a remote website that provides various satellite products for the SHEBA project. The site contains gridded data, animations, and tabular data available for viewing and downloading. More detailed information is at the site.
    • SHEBA
    1.0
    2011-09-14
    A link to the AVHRR satellite data in the NOAA CLASS archive.
    • DEEPWAVE
    final completed
    This dataset contains Aviation Weather Center Convective icing and turbulence SIGMET imagery. The imagery are in GIF format. The imagery cover the time span from 2012-05-01 00:00:00 to 2012-06-30 23:59:59.
    • DC3
    final 1.0
    2013-01-07
    This dataset contains Aviation Weather Center Pilot Reports of Icing and Turbulence (PIREPs) imagery. The imagery are in GIF format. The imagery cover the time span from 2012-05-01 00:00:00 to 2012-06-30 23:59:59.
    • DC3
    final 1.0
    2013-01-07
    This dataset links to supplemental information for the project.
    • ITOP
    final completed
    A link to the CNES AVISO satellite altimetry data website.
    • VOCALS
    • DYNAMO
    final completed
    This data set contains AVISO satellite altimetry imagery over the DYNAMO region. Included are dynamic topography, sea level anomaly, and geostrophic velocity errors products. These images were developed by NCAR/EOL using data from AVISO. The images are...
    • DYNAMO
    final 1.0
    2012-11-01
    This dataset links to supplemental information for the project.
    • ITOP
    final completed
    This dataset contains the AVN model regional analysis and forecast imagery collected during the INDOEX time period.
    • INDOEX
    final 1.0
    2005-10-25
    This data set contains AIRMET (Airmen's Meteorological Information), SIGMET (Significant Meteorological Information), and PIREP (Pilot Report) imagery over the United States. The images are from the Aviation Weather Center (AWC).
    • ICICLE
    final 1.0
    2020-04-02
    This dataset provides a link to the DC-3 Field Catalog Model Products section which includes AWC GTG Forecast Product Imagery
    • DC3
    final completed
    This data set contains icing, turbulence and weather and sky condition Pilot Report (PIREP) imagery over the midwestern United States. The images are from the Aviation Weather Center (AWC).
    • ICICLE
    final 1.0
    2020-04-02
    32 AWOS sites in the GCIP/GIST domain measured 20 min. averages of temperature, dewpoint, altimeter, visibility, wind speed/direction, barometric pressure, sky conditions, density altitude and precipitation. Winds averaged using 2-5 min running mean,...
    • GCIP/GIST
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    48 AWOS sites in the STORM-FEST domain measured 20 min. averages of temperature, dewpoint, altimeter, visibility, wind speed/direction, barometric pressure, sky conditions, density altitude and precipitation. Winds averaged using 2-5 min running mean,...
    • STORM-FEST
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    This dataset contains AWS GTG Turbulence Forecast Imagery in GIF format. They were taken from February 26th, 2006 through May 2nd, 2006 and are in files by day.
    • T-REX
    final 1.0
    2007-10-26
    This data set consists of Bottle Data in MATLAB Format from the 2002 Polar Star Mooring Cruise (AWS-02-I). These data are provided in a single mat-file (MATLAB) for the entire cruise.
    • SBI
    1.0
    2007-11-05
    This data set consists of Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) data in MATLAB Format from the 2002 Polar Star Mooring Cruise (AWS-02-I). These data are provided in a single mat-file (MATLAB) for the entire cruise.
    • SBI
    1.0
    2007-11-05

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    This material is based upon work supported by the NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, a major facility sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation and managed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. National Science Foundation.