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Earth Observing Laboratory
Field Data Archive

Dataset List

    14578 datasets found (100 shown). Full dataset descriptions and data access links are available by selecting the dataset title.
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    Dataset Projects Responsible parties Version/Date
    The operational Flux C forecast from the NMC MRF for the STORM-FEST period. Flux C contains the 24 and 36 hour MRF 12-hour forecasts. The output are available on a gaussian latitude/longitude grid. The data formats are ON84/85 and GRIB. The output...
    • STORM-FEST
    final 1.0
    2011-05-17
    NOAA/AOC operated a Lockheed Orion WP-3D from 5 Feb through 10 March 1992 for STORM-FEST (9 flights). The plane carried a tail 3 cm wavelength Doppler radar and a 5 cm wavelength lower fuselage non-coherent radar.
    • STORM-FEST
    NOAA/AOC operated a Lockheed Orion WP-3D turboprop from 5 Feb - 10 March 1992 (9 flights). The flight level data consists of housekeeping (time, position and performance) and state parameters (temperature, moisture and winds) at 1-sec resolution.
    • STORM-FEST
    NOAA/AOC WP-3D aircraft carried a 5 cm horizontally scanninglower fuselage radar (reflectivity) and a 3 cm vertically scanning tail radar (reflecitivity and velocity). Both werethree axis stabilized and covered the full 360 deg of azimuth.
    • STORM-FEST
    Daily radar reflectivity GIF images of a sector of the WSI Nowrad composite for the STORM-FEST Period. The sector is centered over Kansas. These data are for browsing purposes.
    • STORM-FEST
    • GCIP/GIDS-1
    final 1.0
    1996-11-07
    NWS WSR-57 radars at St. Louis and Grand Island were interfaced with digitizers. The digitized PPI and volume scan reflectivity data were recorded. Recorders were activated at the request of STORM-FEST. One data tape was available for each station,...
    • STORM-FEST
    final 1.0
    1995-10-30
    A 3-CD set containing much of the observational data from the STORM-FEST field experiment. The set contains NCAR King Air, U of Wyoming King Air, U of Washington C131, NOAA P3,NOAA Profilers, Soundings (CLASS, NWS, L2D2 and AES), NCAR ASTER, surface...
    • STORM-FEST
    final
    9 PAM II sites were positioned near Seneca KS in the STORM- FEST boundary layer network, also a PAM II was collocated with an ASOS in Topeka KS. Data has not undergone QC, but consists of temperature, barometric pressure, 10 m wind speed/direction,...
    • STORM-FEST
    final 1.0
    2011-09-14
    45 NCAR PAM II stations were deployed in the STORM-FEST domain (9 in the boundary layer network near Seneca KS most of the rest were in Missouri (100 km spacing). Data consistof 5 min averages of temperature, relative humidity, 10 m wind speed...
    • STORM-FEST
    final 1.0
    2011-09-14
    The University of Wisconsin operated a High-resolution interferometer as part of the STORM-FEST boundary layer network near Seneca KS. It provided vertical profiles of temperature and moisture every 12 min from calibrated infrared downwelling radiance...
    • STORM-FEST
    The University of Wyoming Beechcraft King Air Super 200 conducted 17 flights from 3 Feb - 11 Mar 1992. Data consists of 1 sec resolution housekeeping and state parameters, particle spectra and liquid water content.
    • STORM-FEST
    VHS Video tape records of the image products produced on theWideword workstation by the operations forecaster at the KC RCC during STORM-FEST. This video tape includes operational weather maps, forecast maps, and imagery viewed by forecasters on the...
    • STORM-FEST
    NOAA/WPL operated 5 boundary layer profilers (915 MHz) in the STORM-FEST boundary layer network near Seneca KS. They were equipped with RASS and provided vertical profiles of winds and temperature at 30 min intervals. Winds were measured at 100 m...
    • STORM-FEST
    • GCIP/GIDS-1
    WSI provides PPI reflectivity data from individual NWS radars and regional NWS radar composites (NOWRAD) every 15 min during STORM-FEST. A fixed regional sector (STORM-FEST inner domain) and a floater sector were collected via PC- McIDAS.
    • STORM-FEST
    The Fifteen Minute Precipitation Composite was formed from several data sources (i.e., Arkansas-Red Basin River Forecast Center, National Climatic Data Center Fifteen Minute Precipitation dataset, Oklahoma Mesonet Precipitation data, and the...
    • STORM-WAVE
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    The STORM-WAVE 20 Minute Surface Composite contains data from several networks (i.e., Artais Automated Weather Observation System, Handar Awos, and Qualimetrics AWOS) for the STORM-WAVE domain. Data from these sources (155 stations) were merged and...
    • STORM-WAVE
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    The STORM-WAVE 5 Minute Surface Composite contains data from several networks (i.e., Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS), Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS), Oklahoma Mesonet, DOE Atmospheric Radiation Measurements (ARM) Southern Great...
    • STORM-WAVE
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    The Daily Precipitation Composite was formed from several data sources (i.e., Arkansas-Red Basin River Forecast Center, National Weather Service Cooperative Observers Precipitation data, Oklahoma Mesonet Precipitation data, and the precipitation data...
    • STORM-WAVE
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    The Hourly Precipitation Composite was formed from several data sources (i.e., Arkansas-Red Basin River Forecast Center, National Climatic Data Center Hourly Precipitation dataset, Oklahoma Mesonet Precipitation data, and precipitation data extracted...
    • STORM-WAVE
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    The STORM-WAVE Hourly Surface Composite contains data from several networks (i.e., Artais Automated Weather Observation System, Handar AWOS, and Qualimetrics AWOS, Oklahoma Mesonet, Department Of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Surface, High...
    • STORM-WAVE
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    List of stations whose data are included in the STORM-WAVE data sets. List includes station name, latitude, longitude, elevation, station type, observing network ID, and station id.
    • STORM-WAVE
    final 1.0
    1998-01-15
    This dataset consists of a composite of all STORM-WAVE sounding data interpolated to 5-millibar vertical levels collected from the sounding sites in the experiment domain. This dataset includes pressure, temperature, dew point, relative humidity, wind...
    • STORM-WAVE
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    Stossel Box Weight measurements, from two manual lysimeters, collected during the Sublimation of Snow (SOS) field project from 31 January to 2 March 2023. These measurements are available in CSV format. See the readme file for more detail.  
    • SOS
    final 1.0
    2023-10-23
    This dataset contains the Mobile Mesonet data collected by Straka of OU. Each file contains the mobile mesonet data for each vehicle (P8) for one day. Files ending in .qcd have been quality controlled. Files ending in .qcd.bc have been quality...
    • VORTEX2
    final 1.0
    2011-02-02
    Processing this data is extremely time consuming. Jim will provide data subsets on request. Please email the contact below and we will work with you to obtain the data you requre.
    • ICE-T
    This dataset contains bi-hourly averages of streamflow and stage collected by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA).
    • GCIP/GIDS-1
    final 1.0
    2016-09-27
    This dataset contains daily averages of streamflow collected by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in the GCIP/GIST domain.
    • GCIP/GIST
    final 1.0
    1999-09-01
    This dataset contains daily averages of streamflow collected by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) in the GCIP/GIDS-1 domain.
    • GCIP/GIDS-1
    final 1.0
    2016-09-27
    This dataset consists of shapefile format files for mapserver that provide information on the study area in Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Data on the environment and activities of the indigenous people are collected via satellite imagery, published...
    • PacMARS
    1.0
    2013-05-02
    A link to the STXM Sampler Data at SIMAT Flux Tower Data in the NCAR/ACOM MILAGRO Data Archive.
    • MILAGRO
    final completed
    STXM-NEXAFS Measurements of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles from the NSF/NCAR GV HIAPER aircraft during the Southern Ocean Clouds, Radiation, Aerosol Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES) campaign. Particles were analyzed offline at the Lawrence...
    • SOCRATES
    This data set is an external link to a NSIDC website where submarine upward looking sonar ice draft profile data and documentation can be found. The data consist of upward looking sonar draft data collected by submarines in the Arctic Ocean. It...
    • SHEBA
    This dataset consists of shapefile format files for mapserver that provide information on the subsistence areas of the indigenous peoples in Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. Data on the environment and activities of the indigenous people are collected...
    • PacMARS
    1.0
    2013-05-02
    This data set contains a PDF portfolio containing three PDFs summarizing food webs and stable isotopes in the Western Arctic (Bering, Beaufort, Chukchi Seas). One PDF is a summary of data sources used. The other two PDFs show maps of trophic levels and...
    • PacMARS
    1.0
    2013-06-05
    This dataset contains Berlinor data from the Boulder Workshop, 2001.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2005-12-01
    This dataset contains Categorical summary results from the Boulder Workshop, 2001.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2005-12-01
    This dataset contains evenness data from the Boulder Workshop, 2001.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2005-12-01
    This dataset contains the evenness summary graph from the Boulder Workshop, 2001.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2005-12-01
    This dataset contains evenness summary results from the Boulder Workshop, 2001.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2005-12-01
    This dataset contains hedge data from both terrestrial and marine ecosystems. These are summary data from the Boulder Workshop, 2001.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2005-12-01
    This dataset contains richness categorical results from the Boulder Workshop, 2001.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2005-12-01
    This dataset contains richness data from the Boulder Workshop, 2001.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2005-12-01
    This dataset contains the richness summary graph from the Boulder Workshop, 2001.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2005-12-01
    This dataset contains richness summary results from the Boulder Workshop, 2001.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2005-12-01
    This dataset contains Micro-zooplankton (MZ) grazing on phytoplankton estimations during the summer cruise (HLY0803) at 21 stations in the SouthEastern (SE) Bering Sea. A modified 2-point dilution method (Landry 1993, Strom et al. 2006, Strom and...
    • BSIERP
    1.0
    2011-09-13
    The data set compiled here consists of surface hydrographic data, including temperature and salinity, from the Laptev Sea. Data were collected during the summers of 1980 to 2000. The Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) in St. Petersburg...
    • ARCSS
    1.0
    2009-04-29
    This data set contains land surface temperatures in the circumpolar region of the Arctic derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) satellite data. The AVHRR data were compiled from 1982 to 2003, providing the longest satellite...
    • ARCSS
    1.0
    2010-05-14
    Sonic Anemometer data collected from the Gaviota Site by the Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC) at SUNY Albany during the SWEX (Sundowner Winds Experiment) field campaign from 9 March through 16 May 2022.
    • SWEX
    CT12K ceilometer data reports aerosol backscatter intensity and cloud base, up to 12000 feet, collected at the Gaviota Site by the Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC) at SUNY Albany during SWEX (Sundowner Winds Experiment) field campaign from 2...
    • SWEX
    final 1.0
    2024-10-15
    Infrasound and Seismometer data collected from three infrasound station locations at the Gaviota Site by the Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC) at SUNY Albany during SWEX (Sundowner Winds Experiment) field campaign from 20 April through 16 May...
    • SWEX
    final 1.0
    2024-10-15
    This data set includes high vertical resolution (2-sec) soundings taken by the State University of New York - Oswego (SUNY-Oswego) mobile sounding system during the VORTEX2 field campaigns for 2009 and 2010. There are 10 soundings for the 2009 season (...
    • VORTEX2
    final 1.0
    2010-10-11
    The State University of New York at Oswego (SUNY-Oswego) operated a mobile radiosonde system during lake-effect systems on Lake Ontario. SUNY-Oswego operations were on the east and southeast end of Lake Ontario. This data set includes the quality...
    • OWLeS
    final 1.0
    2014-05-29
    This dataset contains SUNY Oswego Mobile Surface Snow Observations Data collected from 7 December 2013 to January 2014. SUNY Oswego positioned 1-4 snow teams in most long lake-axis-parallel (LLAP) lake-effect events observed during the Ontario Winter...
    • OWLeS
    final 1.0
    2014-05-01
    This dataset links to supplemental information for the project.
    • SAS
    final completed
    This dataset provides a link to the SAS Field Catalog Research Products section which includes imagery from a variety of research platforms during the campaign.
    • SAS
    final completed
    This data set contains 30-minute ground-based GPS precipitable water data from 12 GPS stations in the DYNAMO region. These data were provided by UCAR/COSMIC.
    • DYNAMO
    final 1.0
    2013-04-26
    This data set contains 30-minute ground-based GPS precipitable water data from four GPS stations in the PECAN region. The GPS stations were located at four sites near the following locations: Minden, NE; Ellis, KS; Brewster, KS; and SPOL located 40km...
    • PECAN
    final 1.0
    2016-09-22
    A link to the SAS Field Catalog Operational Products section which includes Suominet GPS Precipitable Water Vapor Imagery
    • SAS
    final completed
    This dataset links to supplemental information for the project.
    • T-REX
    final completed
    SuomiNet is a network of GPS receivers that provide realtime atmospheric precipitable water vapor measurements. This dataset contains hourly data files of precipitable water vapor measurements collected during the BAMEX time period.
    • BAMEX
    • RICO
    final 1.0
    2006-07-26
    This dataset contains Precipitable Water vs. time plots for the IHOP Homestead Site and hourly precipitable water vapor images of the IHOP region.
    • IHOP_2002
    final 1.0
    2008-10-07
    This dataset contains hourly Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) Imagey for the BAMEX region. Further information is available at the SuomiNet Development website.
    • BAMEX
    • SMEX03
    final 1.0
    2008-10-07
    To better understand the glacial history of the ice sheets surrounding Baffin Bay and to provide information on sediment pathways, samples from 82 seafloor grabs and core tops, and from seven box cores were subjected to quantitative X-ray diffraction...
    • ARCSS
    • ACADIS
    This dataset contains Mini Surface Atmospheric Measurement Systems (MINISAMS) data for the Instabilities, Dynamics and Energetics accompanying Atmospheric Layering (IDEAL) project. These are the meteorological data from Dugway Proving Ground tower...
    • IDEAL
    final 1.0
    2018-02-28
    This dataset contains Surface Atmospheric Measurement Stations Mini Network 1 Minute Average data collected from East and South East of granite Peak (MINISAMS) during the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN-X) program. The...
    • MATERHORN-X
    final 1.0
    2016-11-08
    This dataset contains Surface Atmospheric Measurement Systems (SAMS) data for the Instabilities, Dynamics and Energetics accompanying Atmospheric Layering (IDEAL) project. These are the meteorological data from Dugway Proving Ground tower network. The...
    • IDEAL
    final 1.0
    2018-02-28
    This dataset contains Surface Atmospheric Measurement Systems (SAMS) 5 Minute Average data collected from the area surrounding Granite Peak during the Mountain Terrain Atmospheric Modeling and Observations (MATERHORN-X) program. The time stamps are...
    • MATERHORN-X
    final 1.0
    2016-11-10
    This dataset contains surface measurements of leads as a part of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) Project. Data has been compiled from Mobile Radiometric Platform (MRP) measurements and observations from the "Atlanta" and "Baltimore"...
    • SHEBA
    1.0
    2007-11-02
    This data set contains one-minute resolution surface meteorological data in National Center for Atmospheric Research/Earth Observing Laboratory (NCAR/EOL) Quality Control (QC) format from stations within the following networks: Automated Surface...
    • BAMEX
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    This data set contains one-minute resolution surface meteorological data in National Center for Atmospheric Research/Earth Observing Laboratory (NCAR/EOL) Quality Control (QC) format from stations within the following networks: Automated Surface...
    • IHOP_2002
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    This data set contains five-minute resolution surface meteorological data in National Center for Atmospheric Research/Earth Observing Laboratory (NCAR/EOL) Quality Control (QC) format from stations within the following networks, and from the following...
    • T-REX
    final 1.0
    2008-10-07
    This data set contains five-minute resolution surface meteorological data in National Center for Atmospheric Research/Earth Observing Laboratory (NCAR/EOL) Quality Control (QC) format from stations within the following networks: Oklahoma Mesonet,...
    • IHOP_2002
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    This data set contains hourly resolution surface meteorological data in National Center for Atmospheric Research/Earth Observing Laboratory (NCAR/EOL) Quality Control (QC) format from stations within the following networks, and from the following...
    • T-REX
    final 1.0
    2008-10-07
    The IHOP_2002 Hourly Surface Meteorological composite contains data from several networks (i.e., Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS), Colorado Agricultural Meteorological Network (COAGMET), High Plains Climate Network (HPCN), Konza Prarie Long...
    • IHOP_2002
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    The BAMEX 2003 Hourly Surface Meteorological composite contains data from several networks (i.e., Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) Surface Meteorological Observation System (SMOS), Clolorado...
    • BAMEX
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    The IHOP_2002 Surface Miscellaneous Composite contains data from several networks (i.e., Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS), Unidata Local Data Manager (LDM) World Meteorological Organization (LDMSFCMETR), and the National Oceanic and...
    • IHOP_2002
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    The BAMEX 2003 Surface Miscellaneous Composite contains data from several networks (i.e., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL), Unidata Local Data Manager (LDM) World...
    • BAMEX
    final 1.0
    2011-08-24
    This dataset includes radar imagery from the following surface locations: Altamira, MX; Alvarado, MX; Cancun, MX; Martinique, and is associated with the Pre-Depression Investigation of Cloud-systems in the Tropics (PREDICT) project. The PREDICT project...
    • PREDICT
    final 1.0
    2021-09-29
    Surface station data collected on mobile 10-m towers in southwest Taiwan by the National Central University. The mobile towers were located in Shiwei, Fenhua and the supersite (ISS). The Central Weather Bureau of Taiwan also collected data at the...
    • TIMREX
    final 1.0
    2021-01-08
    This dataset includes microfilm of time series surface data from B-Scale ships (Oceanographer, Vize, Vanguard, Quadra, Meteor, Researcher, Dallas, Gilliss, Bidassoa) for Phases I, II, and III, as well as Inter Phases, of the Global Atmospheric Research...
    • GATE
    final 1.0
    2017-11-09
    This data set contains the surface water temperature from the Pacific Marine Arctic Regional Synthesis (PacMARS) conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) compilation to a grid of 0.5 degrees. Measurements were taken on latitude from 63.5 to 78 degrees...
    • PacMARS
    1.0
    2013-06-13
    This data set contains maps of surface weather observations over the western two-thirds of the US and southern Canada. The latest observation at the time the plot was generated was utilized, so the plots contain a mix of standard hourly and special...
    • PLOWS
    final 1.0
    2010-03-24
    This data set contains maps of surface weather observations over the PLOWS sector. The latest observation at the time the plot was generated was utilized, so the plots contain a mix of standard hourly and special observations. The maps were generated...
    • PLOWS
    final 1.0
    2010-03-24
    This data set contains maps of surface weather observations over several US sectors (Central Mississippi Valley, Central Plains, Great Lakes, Lower Mississippi Valley, Mid-Atlantic, Northern High Plains, Ohio Valley, Southeast, and Upper Mississippi...
    • PLOWS
    final 1.0
    2010-04-07
    This dataset contains SHEBA surface observations submitted to the GTS. Observations are made every 6 hours. Recorded data include position, temperature, dewpoint, pressure, pressure tendency, cloud base, visibility, current and past weather, winds, and...
    • SHEBA
    1.0
    2005-09-15
    This data consists of the matched pairs of temperature profiles that were used for analysis as part of the Concordiasi project. The date range of the data is September 23, 2010 to December 8, 2010. The data are located in a zipped tar file for each...
    • CONCORDIASI
    final 1.0
    2015-07-17
    This data set includes vertical ocean profiles of temperature, salinity and backscatter beneath ice cover in Svalbard Fjord, Norway. The data were collected by a Seabird Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) system mounted on a remotely operated...
    • ARCSS
    1.0
    2011-09-14
    This is data from a polar semi-desert at the Svalbard Site in 1991, 1993, and 1995. For more information, please see the readme file.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2007-11-02
    This dataset contains both community and species data that accompanies the experiment done at the Svalbard Site in 1991, 1993, and 1995. This dataset is in excel format. For more information, please see the readme file.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2007-11-02
    This dataset is species data that accompanies the experiment done at the Svalbard Site in 1991, 1993, and 1995. For more information, please see the readme file.
    • ITEX
    1.0
    2007-11-02
    This dataset includes measurements of water samples collected at hydrographic stations from the annual Canadian Coast Guard Service Sir Wilfrid Laurier cruise during July 2010. The top row indicates the PI or organization responsible for the data...
    • DBO
    1.0
    2015-09-09
    This dataset contains summary measurements of surface sediment collected at each station for the identified cruise, including: sediment grain size (≤0 phi, 1 phi, 2 phi, 3 phi, 4 phi, ≥5 phi, 1-4 phi, and modal phi size), total organic carbon (TOC),...
    • DBO
    final 1.0
    2015-08-18
    This dataset includes measurements of water samples collected at hydrographic stations from the annual Canadian Coast Guard Service Sir Wilfrid Laurier cruise during July 2011. Data includes by column, Cruise #, Event #, Station Number (#), Station...
    • DBO
    final 1.0
    2015-09-09
    This dataset contains marine upper trophic data from DBO regions 1-5 during the Sir Wilfrid Laurier 2011 cruise. The data consist of marine mammal watch, sea ice cover, sea state, weather, and visibility measurements.
    • DBO
    final 1.0
    2015-07-06
    This dataset contains summary measurements of surface sediment collected at each station for the identified cruise, including: sediment grain size (≤0 phi, 1 phi, 2 phi, 3 phi, 4 phi, ≥5 phi, 1-4 phi, and modal phi size), total organic carbon (TOC),...
    • DBO
    final 1.0
    2015-08-18
    This dataset includes measurements of water samples collected at hydrographic stations from the annual Canadian Coast Guard Service Sir Wilfrid Laurier cruise during July 2012. The top row indicates the PI or organization responsible for the data...
    • DBO
    final 2.0
    2015-07-14
    This dataset contains summary measurements of surface sediment collected at each station for the identified cruise, including: sediment grain size (≤0 phi, 1 phi, 2 phi, 3 phi, 4 phi, ≥5 phi, 1-4 phi, and modal phi size), total organic carbon (TOC),...
    • DBO
    final 2.0
    2015-07-14
    This dataset contains includes zooplankton and CTD data from the Sir Wilfrid Laurier cruise during July 2012. Data includes, order, taxonomy, length, and weight. Also included are CTD data from various DBO stations. Data includes unique key,...
    • DBO
    final 1.0
    2015-09-11
    This dataset includes measurements of water samples collected at hydrographic stations from the annual Canadian Coast Guard Service Sir Wilfrid Laurier cruise during July 2013. Data includes by column, Cruise #, Event #, Station Number (#), Station...
    • DBO
    final 2.0
    2015-07-13
    This dataset contains upper trophic data from DBO regions 1-5 during the Sir Wilfrid Laurier 2013 (SWL 2013) Cruise. The data consists of marine mammal watch, sea ice cover, sea state, weather, and visibility measurements.
    • DBO
    final 1.0
    2015-07-06

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    This material is based upon work supported by the NSF National Center for Atmospheric Research, a major facility sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation and managed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. National Science Foundation.